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До 2023 года ученые были уверены, что на территории Японии насчитывается 6 852 острова. Но недавно исследователи пересчитали количество и выяснили, что их число может быть в два раза больше — примерно 14 125 штук. Некоторые из этих островов очень большие и известные. Например, площадь японского острова Хонсю составляет 227 тысяч квадратных километров и он является домом для 104 миллионов человек. Также в японский архипелаг входят тысячи маленьких вулканических островов, и их количество постоянно растет. Недавно, в результате вулканический активности под водами Тихого океана, на свет появился новый клочок земли диаметром 100 метров. Возможно, когда-нибудь ему будет дано название и на нем начнут жить люди.
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Новый вулканический остров в Японии виден с берега островов Огасавара
Новый остров в Японии в 2023 году
Новый вулканический остров в Японии появился в результате извержения подводного вулкана. Процесс начался 21 октября 2023 года и сначала нового клочка земли видно не было. Но 30 октября вулканическая магма достигла поверхности воды и вырвалась наружу в виде вертикальной струи черного цвета.
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Образование вулканического острова в Японии
По словам ученых из Токийского университета, в Тихом океане фреатомагматическое извержение, при котором магма из безымянного подводного вулкана контактировала с холодной водой — в ходе этой реакции возникали взрывы с заметными ударными волнами. По словам исследователя Фукаси Маэно, столбы пепла и дыма поднимались на высоту 50 метров.
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Как видно, образование вулканического острова — далеко не тихий процесс
После накопления застывшей магмы на поверхности Тихого океана, образовался небольшой остров диаметров 100 метров. Если извержение вулкана не остановится, новый остров Японии может значительно увеличиться в размерах и остаться с нами на многие сотни или даже тысячи лет. Если же вулканические процессы утихнут, то новый остров потеряется под волнами — ему так никто и не даст название.
На сегодняшний день безымянный остров Японии виден с берега острова Иото, а также с части островов Огасавара в 1000 километрах к югу от Токио.
Читайте также: В чем тайна острова Роанок, на котором 430 лет назад загадочно исчезли сотни человек
Вулканические острова Японии
Образование вулканических островов в Японии —это не редкость. Например, ученые следили за образованием нового клочка земли в августе 2021 года. Он появился из-за извержения подводного вулкана Фукутоку-Оканоба, имеет форму полумесяца, а его диаметр равен 1 километру.
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Образование острова Фукутоку-Оканоба
В 2013 году в водах Японии появился вулканический остров, который разросся до такой степени, что ему пришлось дать название Ниидзима. В конечном итоге он стал настолько большим, что слился с другим клочком земли.
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Разросшийся вулканический остров Ниидзима
На некоторых вулканических островах на протяжении сотен лет живут люди. Так, на территории острова Кутиноэрабу с площадью 38 квадратных метров обитает 150 человек. Они занимаются рыболовством и сельским хозяйством, а иногда принимают в гостей туристов из разных стран. Но жизнь местных жителей нельзя назвать спокойной из-за регулярных активностей одноименного вулкана. Например, из-за извержения в 2015 году, мужчин и женщин с детьми пришлось эвакуировать.
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Остров Кутиноэрабу
Читайте также: Самые большие извержения вулканов в истории человечества
Почему в Японии много островов
Япония известна тем, что состоит из тысяч островов и часто страдает от извержений вулканов и землетрясений. Во всем этом лишь одна причина — страна находится на стыке сразу нескольких тектонических плит. В результате их движения образуются и пробуждаются вулканы, а также происходят землетрясения, некоторые из которых оказываются катастрофическими. Когда в Японии извергается подводный вулкан, магма быстро охлаждается соленой водой и затвердевает, что и становится причиной образования островов.
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Сосчитать точное количество островов Японии очень сложно, но ученые стараются
Иногда новые острова образуются не из вулканической магмы, а из грязи. Например, один из них образовался на территории Пакистана в 2013 году в результате сильного землетрясения, в результате которого более 700 человек получили серьезные травмы. Также подземные толчки привели к образованию грязевого вулкана, который привел к образованию в Аравийском море острова с шириной 180 метров.
Обязательно подпишитесь на наши каналы в Дзен и Telegram. Так проще всего следить за новыми статьями, а также там открыты комментарии!
Грязевой остров получил название Залзала Кох, но просуществовал он недолго. Из-за состава из полужидкой грязи, его начало размывать водой уже через пару месяцев. В 2016 году он был виден из космоса, а в 2019 году он уже почти потерялся из виду. Больше о грязевом острове в Пакистане вы можете узнать из нашей статьи «Самый большой остров из грязи исчез с лица Земли».
