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На территории Южной Африки есть горная цепь Витватерсранд, которая образовалась около 2,9 миллиардов лет назад. Высота входящих в эту цепь гор небольшая и в среднем равна 1 500 метрам. Это очень красивое место с живописными водопадами, но это — не главная его особенность. В 19 веке люди нашли в этой горной цепи месторождение золота, что стало причиной начала золотой лихорадки. На сегодняшний день в этом месте вырыто несколько десятков шахт, самым крупным из которых является Мпоненг. В совокупности, из них было извлечено более 48 000 тонн драгоценного металла, то есть примерно 40% всего золота, когда-либо добытого человечеством. Возможно, некоторые из имеющихся у вас украшений как раз оттуда, поэтому вы просто обязаны узнать об этом местечке больше подробностей.

Самое богатое месторождение золота — на этом месте человечество заработало миллиарды долларов - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Самое большое количество золота было добыто в Южной Африке

Содержание

  • 1 Месторождение золота Витватерсранд
  • 2 Золотая лихорадка Витватерсранд
  • 3 Где больше всего золота на Земле
  • 4 Самая большая шахта с золотом

Месторождение золота Витватерсранд

Золотое месторождение Витватерсранд находится на территории Южно-Африканской Республики. О том, что в одноименной горной цепи можно найти рекордное количество золота, ходили слухи на протяжении нескольких десятков лет. Например, кочевавшие племена говорили, что там есть аналог Эльдорадо — мифической южноамериканской страны, богатой драгоценностями. Такие же слухи ходили среди золотоискателей, что приезжали в африканский континент в поисках богатства.

Самое богатое месторождение золота — на этом месте человечество заработало миллиарды долларов - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Горная цепь Витватерсранд выделена розовым цветом

Самое богатое месторождение золота — на этом месте человечество заработало миллиарды долларов - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Водопад в горной цепи Витватерсранд

Доказательство того, что в горной цепи Витварсранд есть золото, было найдено только в 1886 году. Считается, что первооткрывателем был золотоискатель Джон Харрисон — он получил лицензию на добычу у властей тогда существовавшей Южно-Африканской республики Трансвааль. Но потом он по крайне загадочной причине продал лицензию и покинул прииск — считается, что его заставили это делать и убили по пути домой.

Читайте также: Что такое “золото рейха” и есть ли шансы его найти

Золотая лихорадка Витватерсранд

Уже спустя несколько лет после открытия, в горной цепи Витватерсранд началась золотая лихорадка. В это местечко начали приезжать сотни искателей приключений, которые начали основывать небольшие лагеря, из которых впоследствии вырастали поселения. Сначала власти республики Трансвааль не верили, что золотая лихорадка продлится долго, поэтому выделили для золотодобытчиков только небольшой участок земли для строительства крошечного города. Но добыча золота шла так хорошо, что из этого поселения вырос город Йоханнесбург — самый большой в Южной Африке.

Самое богатое месторождение золота — на этом месте человечество заработало миллиарды долларов - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Золотая лихорадка в Витватерсранде

Самое богатое месторождение золота — на этом месте человечество заработало миллиарды долларов - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Город Йоханнесбург в 1990 году

Самое богатое месторождение золота — на этом месте человечество заработало миллиарды долларов - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Современный Йоханнесбург

Интересный факт: 99% всего золота на Земле содержится внутри ядра планеты

Где больше всего золота на Земле

В ходе работ стало ясно, что под горнами Витватерсранд находится невообразимое количество золота. Их источником является Витватерсрандский бассейн — подземное геологическое образование, которое миллиарды лет назад представляло собой дно доисторического моря. Многочисленные реки несли на дно этого моря отложения, которые и объединились в залежи золота.

Самое богатое месторождение золота — на этом месте человечество заработало миллиарды долларов - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Витватерсранд был и остается местом, где добывается больше всего золота

Витватерсрандский бассейн содержит в себе больше золота, чем любой другой золотой рудник на Земле. С момента открытия месторождения в конце 19 века, золотодобытчиками было извлечено 56 670 тонн золота. Считается, что из этого места родом около 40% всего добытого драгоценного металла на Земле. Сколько денег принесла добыча золота в Витватерсранде, точно сказать сложно — речь идет о миллиардах долларов.

В деревьях Австралии содержится золото. Как такое возможно?

Самая большая шахта с золотом

В месторождении Витватерсранд находится самая глубокая шахта в мире — она называется Мпоненг. Ее глубина достигает 3 777 метров, а некоторые источники вообще говорят о 4 тысячах метрах. Она принадлежит компании «Anglogold Ashanti» и в будущем специалисты намерены прорыть землю еще глубже. То есть, запаса золота в этом местечке еще много, и добыча не собирается останавливаться.

Самое богатое месторождение золота — на этом месте человечество заработало миллиарды долларов - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Шахтеры добывают золото в шахте Мпоненг

Для быстрого перемещения по шахте, в Мпоненге был установлен самый большой лифт в мире. Он позволяет рабочим шахты спускаться на глубину до 2 километров со скоростью до 64 километров в час. Когда рабочие находятся на большой глубине, иногда им требуется около 2 часов, чтобы добраться до поверхности. Часто людям приходится работать при температуре 52 градуса Цельсия, но это очень прибыльное дело. Всего в золотодобывающей промышленности Южной Африки числится около 120 000 человек.

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Если вы дочитали до этого момента, не спешите уходить. Прямо сейчас загляните в нашу статью «Самая большая шахта в мире глубиной 4 километра — как там работают люди». Там есть фотографии людей, которые трудятся в глубинах шахты Мпоненг, вы будете впечатлены их упорством!

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