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В ближайшие несколько десятков лет человечество планирует полететь на Марс. В рамках этих рискованный миссий, ученые в первую очередь хотят поискать следы внеземной жизни, потому что Красная планета кажется наиболее пригодной для этого. Также они планируют тщательно изучить окружающую среду — есть надежда на то, что там можно будет создать человеческую колонию, и мы наконец-то станем цивилизацией, живущей сразу на нескольких планетах. Так как Марс является чужим для нас местом, космическим путешественникам придется нелегко. Им придется как-то выживать в условиях низких температур и повышенной радиации, а также на Красной планете часто происходят песчаные бури. Недавно ученые нашли на Марсе загадочную дыру, которая в будущем может стать убежищем для первых колонистов.
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Загадочная дыра на Марсе, обнаруженная аппаратом Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. Источник: nasa.gov
Новая находка на Марсе
Загадочная дыра на поверхности Марса была найдена на снимках, сделанных межпланетной станцией NASA Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO). Она оснащена камерой HiRISE, которая создает изображения в высоком разрешении. Информацией о находке поделились авторы научного издания Science Alert.
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Еще одна фотография, сделанная космическим аппаратом Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO). Три точки ближе к середине — это потухшие вулканы, рядом с которыми была найдена дыра. Источник: nasa.gov
Яма на Марсе выглядит небольшой, ее размер оценивается всего в несколько метров в поперечнике. Она располагается в районе горы Арсия, потухшего щитового вулкана, диаметр которого составляет 435 километров, а высота — примерно 19 километров. В прошлом этот регион был вулканически активным, но сегодня на Марсе ничего такого не происходит. Скорее всего, яма образовалась в результате многочисленных извержений вулкана.
Читайте также: Илон Маск хочет отправить на Марс миллион человек — они больше не вернутся на Землю
Что такое лавовые трубки
С большой долей вероятности, загадочная дыра на Марсе — это вход в лавовую трубу. Так называются природные туннели, которые образуются в результате движения горячей лавы под землей. Размеры лавовых труб могут быть разными, начиная от нескольких десятков метров и заканчивая многими километрами.
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Лавовая пещера Казумура в Гавайях. Источник: wikimedia.org
На Земле много лавовых пещер, и одной из самых известных считается Казумура в Гавайях. Ее глубина составляет 1101 метр, а протяженность достигает 65,5 километров. Ученые уже нашли много лавовых труб на Марсе, и некоторые из них, судя по данным от исследовательских аппаратов, крупнее земных. Ученые считают, что марсианские лавовые трубки крупнее благодаря тому, что гравитация на Марсе слабее.
Под землей тоже есть жизнь: Подборка фотографий удивительных животных, которые обитают в темных пещерах
Как будут жить люди на Марсе
На Земле лавовые трубки обычно посещаются только учеными и туристами просто потому, что это интересно. Но на Марсе и других планетах эти природные образования в будущем могут стать домами для астронавтов. Дело в том, что внутри этих туннелей сохраняется примерно одна и та же температура, резких перепадов не происходит. Также, находясь под поверхностью планеты, космические путешественники будут защищены от радиации и падения небольших метеоритов.
Также есть надежда на то, что внутри лавовых пещер на Марсе ученым удастся найти следы внеземной жизни. Возможно, они найдут уже давно умершие организмы, и они будут микроскопическими. Но сам факт их нахождения будет говорить о том, что мы не одни во Вселенной и жизнь за пределами нашей планеты возможна.
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Подборка фотографий дыры на Марсе
Но прежде чем строить укрытия в лавовых трубках, необходимо их тщательно изучить. Об особенностях лавовых пещер на Марсе известно мало, однако про туннели на Земле и Луне мы знаем достаточно много. Например, относительно недавно ученые выяснили, что в лавовых пещерах жили древние люди. А лунные тоннели изучены так хорошо, что китайские исследователя уже планируют построить внутри них лунные базы.
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К сожалению, есть вероятность, что огромная дыра на Марсе никуда не ведет. Источник: nasa.gov
Если ученые найдут на Марсе огромную лавовую пещеру, это будет прекрасно. Это открытие может приблизить день, когда человечество наконец-то высадится на Красной планете. Однако, у ученых есть подозрение, что загадочная яма на Марсе — это не вход в пещеру, а просто углубление. Если приглядеться, на фотографии можно заметить боковую стенку ямы, и есть вероятность, что углубление никуда не ведет. Но даже если это так, ученые вполне могут найти применение и этой яме.
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На спутниковых снимках Марса можно разглядеть много странных вещей. Например, недавно в Интернете горячо обсуждали нечто, что похоже на кучу пауков. Если вы хотите посмотреть на этот интригующий снимок и узнать подробности, читайте наш материал «В интернете обсуждают фотографию с “пауками на Марсе”. Что это такое?».
