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26.06.2024
4 3 minutes read

В начале мая 2024 года Китай запустил в космос исследовательский аппарат «Чанъэ-6». Как и планировалось, он сразу же взял курс на Луну и спустя месяц совершил посадку в районе кратера Аполлон. При помощи роботизированной руки с инструментом для бурения, он добыл образцы грунта с обратной стороны Луны и передал груз на орбитальный модуль для доставки на Землю. Наконец, 25 июня спускаемый аппарат скинул на землю капсулу с уникальными образцами — они упали на район Внутренняя Монголия на севере Китая. В ближайшее время они будут отправлены в Пекин для хранения и изучения в лабораторных условиях. Казалось бы, все просто: нужно просто отправить аппарат на Луну, собрать грунт и привезти обратно. Но почему первой страной, которая смогла добыть грунт с обратной стороны Луны, стал именно Китай? По какой причине это не удалось ученым из других стран?

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Капсула с лунным грунтом, упавшая на Землю в июне 2024 года. Источник: spacenews.com

Содержание

  • 1 Китай добыл образцы грунта с обратной стороны Луны
  • 2 Особенности грунта с обратной стороны Луны
  • 3 Почему изучать обратную сторону Луны так сложно
  • 4 Когда Китай еще раз полетит на Луну

Китай добыл образцы грунта с обратной стороны Луны

В июне 2024 года Китай сел на обратную сторону Луны во второй раз. В первый раз это произошло в 2019 году, когда межпланетная станция «Чанъэ-4» смогла опуститься на поверхность в районе Южного полюса земного спутника. Впервые находясь на обратной стороны Луны, аппарат провел биологический эксперимент, а также отправил на Землю уникальные фотографии.

Китай впервые в истории добыл грунт с обратной стороны Луны: почему это не смогли другие? - Hi-News.ru">/**/ article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Китайский космический аппарат «Чанъэ-4». Источник: caixinglobal.com

Главная цель миссии «Чанъэ-6» заключалась в сборе грунта с невидимой стороны Луны и их отправке на Землю. Несмотря на всю сложность задачи, исследователи с ней справились как нельзя лучше. При помощи манипулятора в форме руки и бура, аппарат успешно взял образцы лунного грунта с разных участков. Капсула с ценными образцами упала во Внутренней Монголии, и это действие в прямом эфире показало Центральное телевидение Китая.

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Образцы лунного грунта спускаются на Землю

Особенности грунта с обратной стороны Луны

Образцы грунта с видимой стороны Луны уже изучены — особенно много материала собрали американские ученые в рамках программы «Аполлон». А вот образцы с обратной стороны земного спутника были доставлены на Землю впервые, и вызывают у ученых особенный интерес.

Китай впервые в истории добыл грунт с обратной стороны Луны: почему это не смогли другие? - Hi-News.ru">/**/ article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Благодаря успеху миссии «Чанъэ-6», мы узнаем много нового о Луне. Источник: cnn.com

Так как обратная сторона Луны сильно отличается от видимой, грунт на ней может иметь интересные с научной точки зрения особенности. Например, на обратной стороне было меньше извержений вулканов, поэтому она целее и может рассказать больше о прошлом Луны. Кратер Аполлон находится в углублении Южный полюс — Эйткен, поэтому велика вероятность того, что образцы содержат частицы внутреннего материала Луны.

Таким образом, изучив образцы, ученые смогут узнать больше о том, как образовалась Луна, как она устроена внутри и другие интересные подробности.

Читайте также: Луна вывернулась наизнанку 4,2 миллиарда лет назад — как это произошло

Почему изучать обратную сторону Луны так сложно

Ранее аэрокосмическое агентство NASA много раз хотело запустить аппарат для сбора грунта на обратной стороне Луны. Однако, ни один из планируемых проектов так и не был реализован. Сбор материала с видимой стороны Луны всегда был и остается более простым и безопасным делом.

Сбор грунта с труднодоступной части Луны сложен сразу по нескольким причинам.

Во-первых, с Земли невозможно напрямую отправлять сигналы на обратную сторону Луны. Чтобы управлять космическим аппаратом, нужны спутники для ретрансляции сигналов. В рамках миссии «Чанъэ-6» китайские ученые использовали ретрансляционный спутник «Цюэцяо-2», который был запущен на орбиту Луны заранее в марте 2024 года.

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Китайский спутник связи «Цюэцяо-2». Источник: mirkosmosa.ru

Во-вторых, обратная сторона Луны покрыта кратерами и холмами, причем в некоторых областях их намного больше, чем на видимой стороне. Поэтому все аппараты рискуют разбиться даже из-за маленькой ошибки. Чтобы совершить мягкую посадку, аппарату «Чанъэ-6» пришлось задействовать все свои приборы для избегания препятствий.

В-третьих, настолько сложные миссии требуют опыта. В рамках программы «Аполлон» американцы собирали образцы на видимой стороны Луны. К тому же, этим занимались астронавты, а не автоматическое оборудование. У Китая, за счет успеха в 2019 году, опыта во всем этом явно больше, что и позволило завершить миссию «Чанъэ-6» без особых проблем.

Наконец, все перечисленное выше требует больших денег. Чтобы полететь на обратную сторону Луны, нужно разработать много разной техники, начиная с самой межпланетной станции, и заканчивая ретрансляционными спутниками. Информации о том, сколько стоила миссия «Чанъэ-6», нигде нет. Но она могла стоить в разы дороже миссии «Чанъэ-5», в рамках которой в 2020 году Китай добыл образцы с видимой стороны Луны — по данным из открытых источников, эта миссия стоила около 1,2 миллиарда долларов.

Вам будет интересно: Сколько стоит отправка посылок на Луну

Когда Китай еще раз полетит на Луну

Китай не собирается останавливаться на достигнутом. В 2026 году она планирует запустить миссию «Чанъэ-7», в рамках которого одноименный аппарат попробует найти воду на затемненных участках южного полюса Луны. Вода будет ценным ресурсом в будущем, потому что многие страны хотят использовать земной спутник как перевалочный пункт во время космических путешествий.

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В будущем Китай собирается построить на Луне полноценную человеческую базую Источник: В будущем Китай хочет построить на Луне человеческую базу. Источник: space.com

В рамках планируемой на 2028 год миссии «Чанъэ-8», Китай попробует использовать найденные на Луне ресурсы для строительства. Это станет важным шагом к созданию настоящей Лунной базы, разговоры о котором идут уже далеко не первый год.

Еще больше о достижениях Китая вы можете почитать в нашем Telegram-канале. Воспользуйтесь поиском, и найдете много чего интересного!

Вообще, у китайских ученых много планов на Луну. Например, в 2024 году появилась новость о том, что Россия и Китай построят ядерный реактор на Луне.

Источник

26.06.2024
4 3 minutes read
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18.02.2024

Созданный людьми спутник стал самым ярким объектом ночного неба — ученые бьют тревогу — Hi-News.ru»>/**/ article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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04.10.2023

Что такое нейтронное оружие и как оно действует — Hi-News.ru»>/**/ article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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09.08.2023

Этот бункер в США может выдержать взрыв ядерной бомбы мощностью 30 мегатонн — Hi-News.ru»>/**/ article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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iframe:not(.iframe){height:300px}}@media (min-width:550px) and (max-width:574px){.item iframe:not(.iframe){height:286px}}@media (min-width:525px) and (max-width:549px){.item iframe:not(.iframe){height:272px}}@media (min-width:500px) and (max-width:524px){.item iframe:not(.iframe){height:258px}}@media (min-width:475px) and (max-width:499px){.item iframe:not(.iframe){height:244px}}@media (min-width:450px) and (max-width:474px){.item iframe:not(.iframe){height:230px}}@media (min-width:425px) and (max-width:449px){.item iframe:not(.iframe){height:216px}}@media (min-width:414px) and (max-width:424px){.item iframe:not(.iframe){height:206px}}@media (min-width:400px) and (max-width:413px){.item iframe:not(.iframe){height:206px}}@media (min-width:375px) and (max-width:399px){.item iframe:not(.iframe){height:198px}}@media (min-width:325px) and (max-width:349px){.item iframe:not(.iframe){height:170px}}@media (max-width:324px){.item iframe:not(.iframe){height:156px}}(function(w){«use strict»;var 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20.03.2024
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