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До конца 19 века врачи выглядели более устрашающими, чем сегодня. У них не было привычных для нас белых халатов: они лечили пациентов, одевшись в длинные черные сюртуки и повседневные брюки. Чтобы во время удаления зубов и других хирургических операций не испачкаться кровью, они надевали фартуки, которые обычно носили мясники. Вдобавок ко всему этому, они работали без перчаток, использовали шелковые нити и многоразовые иглы. Многие операции проводились на виду у людей — за небольшую плату любой желающий мог посмотреть на щекочущее нервы «шоу». Да уж, облик врачей пару сотен лет назад действительно был страшным. Но потом работники медицины начали носить белые, зеленые или синие халаты и рубашки. И таким изменениям было сразу несколько весомых причин.
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Появление у врачей белых халатов было очень важным для человечества нововведением. Источник: regions.ru
Почему врачи носят белые халаты
Врачи начали носить белые халаты только ближе к 1900-м годам. Примерно в то время английский хирург Джозеф Листер выяснил, что раны человека воспаляются из-за попадания в них инфекционных бактерий. Благодаря его открытию также стало ясно, что болезни могут передаваться через телесный контакт.
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Пару сотен лет назад врачи не отличались от обычных людей. Источник: fishki.net
На белых халатах всегда было отчетливо видно, что на тело врача попала потенциально заразная кровь или другая жидкость из организма больного человека. Замечая пятна на белой одежде, врачи отправляли их в стирку, чтобы возбудители болезни одного пациента не попали в их организм и тела других людей. Это во много раз уменьшало вероятность возникновения эпидемий.
Белых халаты также оказались хороши тем, что были сделаны из хлопка или льна. Их можно было стирать в горячей воде, которая убивает большинство опасных бактерий и вирусов — дезинфицировать одежду стало очень просто. А вот используемые ранее фартуки обычно стирались в умеренно горячей воде, потому что из-за кипятка цветная ткань быстро обесцвечивалась.
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С появлением белых халатов облик врачей сильно изменился раз и навсегда. Источник: mirvracha.ru
К тому же, когда врачи начали ходить в белом, пациентам стало проще узнавать работников медицины. Да и самим медикам было легче узнать своих коллег среди кучи людей. Белый цвет, вдобавок ко всему этому, у многих людей ассоциируется с чистотой, добром и профессионализмом — врачи перестали напоминать суровых палачей с кровавыми фартуками.
Также врачи начали носить перчатки. Правда хирурги сначала были от этого не в восторге, потому что изначально перчатки были толстыми и орудовать в них инструментами было сложно. После врачей белые халаты начали носить и медсестры.
Почему мужчины 17 века носили кудрявые парики. Вы 100% видели их на старых картинах
Почему у хирургов синие или зеленые халаты
Чуть позже хирурги начали отказываться от белых халатов и перешли на форму зеленого и синего цвета. Это произошло только в 20 веке, когда в операционных появились современные операционные светильники.
Лампы в операционных сильно отличаются от светильников в наших домах. Во-первых, они хорошо имитируют яркий дневной свет, потому что он помогает лучше видеть ткани и внутренние органы пациентов. Во-вторых, они очень яркие и рассеивают свет так, чтобы от рук и инструментов не падала тень — это опять же нужно для того, чтобы хирурги и их ассистенты все предельно хорошо видели. В-третьих, лампы в операционных почти не выделяют тепло, чтобы не допускать перегрева операционного поля и самих медиков.
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Операционные светильники — это высокотехнологичные устройства, поэтому стоят дорого. Источник: med-pro-ves.ru
Лампы в операционных светят ярко, и когда хирурги в обычных халатах долго смотрели на красную кровь, при отводе взгляда на белую поверхность перед их глазами возникали зеленые пятна. Этот эффект также происходит, когда в глаза человека попадает яркий свет — после этого, некоторое время, человек видит плавающее пятно. Во время сложной операции эта иллюзия может сильно отвлечь хирурга, поэтому синие и зеленые халаты стали для них спасением, потому что на таком фоне иллюзорные пятна не появляются.
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Тайну синих и зеленых халатов хирургов тоже можно считать раскрытой. Источник: meds.ru
Также синие и зеленые халаты хороши тем, что эти оттенки позволяют врачам лучше замечать красную кровь. Эта особенность помогает быстро замечать кровотечения и своевременно их останавливать — для пациента потеря крови всегда может стоить жизни.
Обязательно подпишитесь на наш Дзен-канал. Там вас ждет много интересного контента!
Благодаря тому, что у врачей появилась специальная одежда, медицина шагнула далеко вперед. Скорее всего, этот простой шаг спас мир от множества эпидемий и сохранил жизни миллионов людей. Сегодня мы принимаем халаты врачей как что-то должное, а ведь у них, как оказалось, очень долгая и увлекательная история.
