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Хотя мы думаем, что болезни, такие как цинга, остались в прошлом, они продолжают встречаться и в наши дни. Цинга, также известная как «болезнь пиратов», в 17-18 веках уносила миллионы жизней и долгое время оставалась неизлечимой. Обычно от нее умирали моряки, которые месяцами питались однообразной пищей и испытывали недостаток витамина С. Из-за этого у них кровоточили десны, выпадали зубы, а иммунная система работала хуже. Сегодня мы знаем, как предотвратить это заболевание, но недавний случай в Канаде показал, что цинга продолжает поражать людей и в 21 веке. Более того, возможно, она встречается гораздо чаще, чем мы думаем.
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Кадр из фильма “Пираты Карибского моря”
Что такое цинга
Цинга — это заболевание, которое возникает из-за острого дефицита витамина C в организме. Этот витамин необходим для синтеза коллагена — вещества, отвечающего за прочность и здоровье соединительных тканей. При нехватке витамина C ткани организма теряют свою эластичность, что приводит к множеству неприятных симптомов — от слабости и боли в суставах до кровоточивости десен и выпадения зубов.
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Обычно цинга поражала мореплавателей, которые могли плыть по несколько месяцев подряд. Источник изображения: National Library of Medicine
Цинга стала особенно распространенной в эпоху великих морских открытий, когда мореплаватели отправлялись в длительные путешествия и не имели возможности регулярно употреблять свежие овощи и фрукты, богатые витамином C. Болезнь быстро поражала целые экипажи, унося жизни сотен моряков.
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Цитрусовые — лучший источник витамина С. Изображение: Shutterstock
Однако в конце концов было замечено, что цитрусовые, такие как лимоны и апельсины, могут предотвратить и даже вылечить цингу. Это открытие стало настоящим спасением для моряков того времени.
Читайте также: 5 неожиданных фактов о пиратах — они были не такими, как показывают в фильмах
Как люди болеют цингой
Цинга развивается постепенно, и первые симптомы могут появиться лишь через 4–12 недель после полного отсутствия витамина С в рационе.
Одним из самых ярких проявлений цинги является ломкость сосудов, что приводит к кровоточивости десен и характерной сыпи на коже. Это связано с тем, что витамин C необходим для выработки коллагена, который укрепляет сосудистые стенки. Без него сосуды становятся хрупкими, и на теле могут появляться кровоизлияния.
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Кровоточащие десны — один из самых заметных признаков цинги. Источник изображения: reddit.com
У детей цинга также замедляет формирование костей, а у взрослых приводит к ослаблению десен и надкостницы, что может привести к выпадению зубов. Кроме того, могут возникать болезненные кровоизлияния в мышцах и суставах.
У больных цингой снижается иммунитет, что делает их уязвимыми для инфекций. Также развивается анемия, вызывающая слабость и быструю утомляемость. В конечном итоге цинга может привести к смерти.
Об этом должны знать все: Сколько витаминов нужно принимать чтобы оставаться здоровым?
Цинга в современном мире
Недавно в Канаде произошел случай, который напомнил о том, что цинга по-прежнему представляет угрозу для нашего здоровья.
По информации Medical Xpress, 65-летняя жительница Торонто страдала от болей в ногах, слабости и изменений на коже. Из-за проблем с передвижением она почти не выходила из дома, что привело к социальной изоляции. Ее рацион питания состоял в основном из консервов и хлеба, что создавало серьезный дефицит витамина C.
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Этот случай в очередной раз доказывает, насколько важен разнообразный рацион питания. Источник изображения: dietdoctor.com
После тщательного обследования врачи диагностировали у пациентки цингу, что было подтверждено анализами крови. Женщина начала принимать витамин C, и ее состояние улучшилось. Этот случай показал, как недостаток свежих овощей и фруктов, особенно среди людей с ограниченными возможностями и низким уровнем дохода, может привести к заболеваниям, которые кажутся забытыми.
Врачи отмечают, что цинга в 21 веке встречается гораздо чаще, чем можно было бы предположить. Особенно это касается людей с ограниченным доступом к свежим продуктам, курильщиков или имеющих другие проблемы со здоровьем.
А вы уже подписаны на наш Дзен-канал? Если нет, самое время это сделать!
Чтобы не было цинги и других проблем со здоровьем, нужно есть максимально разнообразную пищу. Если вы дочитали до этого момента, обязательно ознакомьтесь с нашим материалом «7 признаков того, что вам прямо сейчас нужен витамин С».
