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15.10.2024
5 3 minutes read

В мире около 2,2 миллиарда человек сталкиваются с различными нарушениями зрения, такими как близорукость или дальнозоркость. Однако знаете ли вы, что примерно половина из них может быть подвержена астигматизму? Это заболевание становится все более распространенным, и для многих людей это слово оказывается в новинку. Люди с астигматизмом видят мир размытым, у них часто возникают головные боли при длительном чтении, а глаза быстро устают. Это очень распространенное заболевание, поэтому давайте поговорим о нем более подробно. Сейчас вы узнаете кое-что новое!

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Астигматизм встречается у все большего количества людей, и обычно передается по наследству. Источник изображения: Science Alert

Содержание

  • 1 Как меняются глаза при астигматизме
  • 2 Как понять что у человека астигматизм
  • 3 Из-за чего развивается астигматизм
  • 4 Как лечить астигматизм

Как меняются глаза при астигматизме

Астигматизм — это нарушение зрения, возникающее из-за неправильной формы глаза. В идеале глаз должен быть почти идеально круглым, но у людей с астигматизмом он больше похож на форму мяча для американского футбола. Глазное яблоко может быть расширено как горизонтально, так и вертикально.

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Форма здорового глаза и глаза при астигматизме. Источник изображения: ochkov.net

Астигматизм затрагивает две важные части глаза: роговицу — прозрачную оболочку, через которую проходит свет, и хрусталик, который помогает фокусировать этот свет на сетчатке. Сетчатка — это та часть глаза, которая преобразует свет в сигналы для мозга, позволяя нам видеть.

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Как свет падает на сетчатку у здоровых людей и людей с астигматизмом. Источник изображения: sprosivracha.com

Когда роговица или хрусталик имеют неправильную форму, свет преломляется неправильно и не фокусируется на сетчатке так, как должен. В результате изображение становится размытым, независимо от того, смотрит человек на что-то вблизи или вдали.

Как понять что у человека астигматизм

Симптомы астигматизма могут варьироваться от человека к человеку, но, как правило, люди с этим заболеванием сталкиваются с размытым зрением на любом расстоянии. Это означает, что объекты могут казаться нечеткими вне зависимости от того, находятся они близко или далеко. Из-за этого глаза часто перенапрягаются, особенно после длительного чтения или работы за компьютером.

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Пример зрения при астигматизме. Источник изображения: Reddit

Кроме того, люди с астигматизмом могут испытывать головные боли, возникающие при попытках сфокусировать взгляд. Также нередко возникают проблемы с ночным зрением, и слабое освещение становится настоящей трудностью. Люди могут часто щуриться, чтобы улучшить зрение, и замечать повышенную чувствительность к свету. Однако, если астигматизм выражен слабо, симптомы могут быть менее заметными или вовсе отсутствовать.

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Из-за чего развивается астигматизм

Причины астигматизма до конца не изучены, но считается, что в его развитии значительную роль играет генетика. По оценкам, около 40% взрослых и 15% детей в некоторых регионах страдают от этого заболевания, и оно часто передается по наследству. В большинстве случаев астигматизм проявляется при рождении или развивается в детстве или подростковом возрасте.

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Астигматизм может передаться человеку от родителей. Источник изображения: Pinterest

Но, стоит признать, что иногда астигматизм может быть следствием травм, заболеваний или хирургического вмешательства. Также существует предположение, что астигматизм может быть вызван привычками сидеть близко к телевизору и читать при недостаточном освещении. Однако не стоит беспокоиться: эти заблуждения не имеют научного обоснования, так что их можно назвать мифами.

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Как лечить астигматизм

Не всем людям с астигматизмом требуется лечение — в некоторых случаях это заболевание почти не влияет на зрение. Однако, если симптомы астигматизма выраженные, необходимо носить специальные очки или контактные линзы. Они помогают правильно фокусировать свет, что устраняет размытость и улучшает качество зрения.

Что такое астигматизм — болезнь глаз, которая имеется почти у 50% людей - Hi-News.ru">/**/ article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Для людей с астигматизмом очки и линзы обычно изготавливаются под заказ. Источник изображения: Science Alert

Также можно рассмотреть возможность хирургического вмешательства. Существует несколько видов операций, которые обычно направлены на изменение формы роговицы, что позволяет исправить проблему с преломлением света. Однако, следует помнить, что любая операция сопряжена с рисками. Поэтому, прежде чем принять решение, важно обсудить все возможные варианты с врачом, чтобы выбрать наилучший способ лечения.

Обязательно подпишитесь на наш Дзен-канал. Нас уже более 100 тысяч человек!

Если эта статья была для вас полезной, обязательно прочтите наш материал «Действительно ли упражнения для глаз могут улучшить зрение».

Источник

15.10.2024
5 3 minutes read
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Искусственный Интеллект расшифровал древний свиток, пролежавший 2000 лет под пеплом Везувия — Hi-News.ru»>/**/ article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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