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16.12.2023
24 3 minutes read

В мире существует огромное количество животных, и некоторые из них похожи друг на друга. Например, многие люди не могут отличить леопарда от ягуара — эти хищники относятся к семейству кошачьих, имеют крупное телосложение и покрыты пятнистой шерстью. Еще большая неразбериха возникает, когда речь заходит про крокодилов, аллигаторов и гавиалов. Они все являются земноводными пресмыкающимися, которые ведут хищный образ жизни и представляют опасность для человека. По фотографиям отчетливо видно, что они имеют отличительные черты во внешности, но назвать кто кем является может далеко не каждый человек. Самое время разобраться в этом вопросе — после нашей статьи, вы точно будете знать, чем крокодилы отличаются от аллигаторов и гавиалов.

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На этой фотографии крокодил или аллигатор? После нашей статьи, вы легко сможете это определить!

Содержание

  • 1 От кого произошли крокодилы
  • 2 Как выглядят крокодилы
  • 3 Отличия крокодилов, аллигаторов и гавиалов
    • 3.1 Как выглядят настоящие крокодилы
    • 3.2 Как выглядят аллигаторы
    • 3.3 Как выглядят гавиалы
    • 3.4 Как выглядят кайманы
  • 4 Как различать крокодилов

От кого произошли крокодилы

Настоящие крокодилы, аллигаторы и гавиалы — это представители трех семейств, которые входят в отряд крокодилов (Crocodilia). Между ними много общего и, в первую очередь, они имеют общих предков. Считается, что они появились примерно 83,5 миллионов лет назад в позднем меловом периоде — во времена, когда по Земле ходили динозавры. Они произошли от древней группы живых существ, именуемых как архозавры. От них же, между прочим, произошли и нынешние птицы, то есть ближайшие предки крокодилов сегодня — это воробьи, попугаи, орлы и так далее.

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Удивительно, но крокодилы и птицы являются родственниками

Читайте также: Почему крокодилы почти не изменились со времен динозавров?

Как выглядят крокодилы

Все представители отряда крокодилов имеют крупное туловище, покрытое темной чешуйчатой кожей. Голова крокодилов имеет удлиненную и слегка приплюснутую форму и мощную челюсть, оснащенную множеством острых зубов. Все крокодилы хорошо плавают, и так же без особых проблем передвигаются по суше.

Чем крокодил отличается от аллигатора и гавиала — вы больше их не спутаете - Hi-News.ru">/**/ article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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В общих чертах, крокодилы, аллигаторы и гавиалы очень похожи

Почти все крокодилы обитают в тропических частях Земли, однако представители отряда аллигаторов могут жить и в более холодных регионах. Это хищники, которые питаются как водными, так и наземными животными. Они тщательно охраняют свои территории и не подпускают к ней чужаков — терпимо крокодилы относятся только к своих сородичам.

Вам будет интересно: Правда ли, что в канализации Нью-Йорка живут крокодилы?

Отличия крокодилов, аллигаторов и гавиалов

За всю историю Земли, существовало много видов различных представителей отряда крокодилов. Многие из них полностью вымерли, и сегодня существует всего лишь три семейства. К настоящим крокодилам (Crocodylidae) относится 15 видов, к аллигаторам (Alligatoridae) относится 8 видов, а к гавиаловым (Gavialidae) — 2 вида хищников.

Чем крокодил отличается от аллигатора и гавиала — вы больше их не спутаете - Hi-News.ru">/**/ article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Все представители отряда крокодилов являются хищниками

Все они имеют одинаковое происхождение, однако разделены 40 миллионами лет эволюции. Именно этим и объясняется разница между их внешним видом.

Как выглядят настоящие крокодилы

Форма челюсти крокодилов заостренная — можно даже сказать, что у них V-образная морда. Когда челюсти крокодила сомкнуты, легко заметить, что большой четвертый зуб нижней челюсти выпирает наружу. Крокодилы отличаются особенной агрессивностью и жестокостью — они очень часто нападают на людей. Преимущественно они живут на территории Америки, Юго-Восточной Азии, Австралии и Африки. Длина крокодилов может достигать 6 метров.

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На фотографии — настоящий крокодил с удлиненной формой головы

ЭТО НЕ ШУТКИ: Самый кровожадный крокодил в мире — он рвет на части бегемотов и нападает на плачущих детей

Как выглядят аллигаторы

Аллигаторы имеют округленную, U-образную морду. Когда челюсть аллигатора закрыта, верхние зубы перекрывают нижние — у них нет выпирающих зубов. Они ведут себя гораздо спокойнее, чем крокодилы, и обитают в Восточном Китае и Юго-Восточной части США. Длина аллигаторов может достигать 5 метров.

Чем крокодил отличается от аллигатора и гавиала — вы больше их не спутаете - Hi-News.ru">/**/ article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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На фотографии — аллигатор с округлой формой головы

Как выглядят гавиалы

Главная особенность гавиалов — это длинная и тонкая морда. Челюсть гавиала имеет 110 зубов, причем передние являются самыми большими для обеспечения хорошего захвата жертвы. Длинная форма челюсти гавиалов объясняется тем, что им очень важна маневренность, позволяющая ловить рыбу, которая составляет основу рациона питания гавиалов. Эти хищники тоже являются менее агрессивными, чем крокодилы, и преимущественно обитают в индийском субконтиненте. Гавиалы могут вырастать до 6-метровой длины.

Чем крокодил отличается от аллигатора и гавиала — вы больше их не спутаете - Hi-News.ru">/**/ article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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На фотографии — гавиал с очень длинной челюстью

Как выглядят кайманы

Отдельно стоит рассказать про кайманов (Caiman) — это род семейства аллигаторов, представители которого обитают на территории Центральной и Южной Америк. Они внешне очень похожи на аллигаторов, но вырастают только до 2-метровой длины и весят до 40 килограммов. Большую часть времени они лежат, слившись с окружающей средой. Даже крупные особи кайманов не нападают на людей и превосходящих их по размерам животных, потому что обладают пугливым нравом.

Чем крокодил отличается от аллигатора и гавиала — вы больше их не спутаете - Hi-News.ru">/**/ article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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На фотографии — маленький кайман

Читайте также: Самый редкий вид крокодилов начал активно размножаться

Как различать крокодилов

Подводя итог, можно сказать, что крокодилов можно различать по следующим особенностям:

  • настоящие крокодилы — имеют удлиненную форму головы, крупные и агрессивные, живут в теплых местах;
  • аллигаторы — имеют округленную форму головы, менее агрессивны и могут жить даже в относительно холодных местах;
  • гавиалы — имеют длинную и узкую челюсть, питаются рыбой, редко нападают на людей и живут в Индии.

Если статья была интересной, подпишитесь на наш Дзен-канал. Там вы точно найдете еще что-нибудь по душе!

Напоследок стоит отметить, что в 2023 году в США родился самый редкий аллигатор в мире. Он полностью окрашен в белый цвет, но при этом не является альбиносом — он стал таким из-за совершенно другой генетической мутации. Всего в мире существует только 8 таких существ.

Источник

16.12.2023
24 3 minutes read
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20.10.2024

В конце сентября у Земли появится “вторая Луна”: все что нужно знать — Hi-News.ru»>/**/ article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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21.09.2024

Действительно ли зыбучие пески могут убить человека? — Hi-News.ru»>/**/ article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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