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Питоны в Индонезии будто бы сошли с ума. С июня 2024 года было зафиксировано не менее трех случаев нападения огромных змей на человека. Например, 14 августа одна женщина была по плечи проглочена хищником после того, как отправилась работать на поле. Судя по всему, четырехметровый монстр не смог проглотить жертву за один раз и срыгнул ее. Совершить вторую попытку ему не удалось, потому что его до смерти забили обнаружившие женщину местные жители. Такие ужасные случаи нередки, особенно в тропических странах, где люди вынуждены часто работать в условиях дикой природы. Питоны являются уникальными животными, которые способны заглатывать добычу целиком: они убивают оленей, коров и даже аллигаторов. Но как они не разрываются на части? Почему у них не сдавливаются внутренние органы от нагрузки?
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Питоны опасны не ядовитыми зубами, а способностью полностью проглотить свою жертву
Чем опасны питоны
В мире существует более 40 видов питонов, и все они не ядовиты. Их опасность заключается в том, что длина их тела может достигать 10 метров. Их рот расширяется до такой степени, что позволяет за раз проглатывать крупных животных и взрослых людей. Чаще всего они встречаются в Африке и Австралии — наткнуться на них можно в тропических лесах, саваннах и болотистых местностях.
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Зеленый питон на дереве. Источник фотографии: kipmu.ru
У питонов есть уникальная способность выживать без еды на протяжении нескольких месяцев. Когда они находят добычу, то проглатывают ее полностью, чтобы медленно переваривать.
Интересный факт: в некоторых странах питоны употребляются в пищу местным населением. В марте 2024 года ученые подсчитали, что выращивание питонов в качестве источника мяса гораздо выгоднее, чем разведение кур и рогатого скота.
Как устроено тело питона
Питоны могут полностью проглотить добычу, которая крупнее их головы или даже тела. Это возможно благодаря их необычному строению тела.
В первую очередь, прожорливость питонов связана с тем, что их челюсти двигаются независимо друг от друга. Нижняя челюсть разделена надвое и может растянуться до такой степени, что добыча будет охвачена целиком. Когда змеи зажимают жертву ртом, они будто бы «шагают» головой по ее телу, постепенно втягивая в глотку. Кожа питона гораздо эластичнее, чем у других видов змей, поэтому запросто растягивается, чтобы жертва полностью поместилась в теле.
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Череп питона. Источник изображения: researchgate.net
Обычно питоны стараются проглотить жертву головой вперед, чтобы ее руки и ноги не застряли в пищеварительном тракте. Когда добыча оказывается внутри, она движется по пищеводу, следуя мышечным сокращениям. Во время еды змеи могут задохнуться — чтобы этого не произошло, они вытягивают дыхательную трубку наружу. Это зрелище не слабонервных, поэтому фотографии мы прикладывать не будем. Если интересно, вы все можете найти в интернете сами.
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Питон уже проглотивший свою добычу. Источник фотографии: fotobase.co
Читайте также: В чем разница между питонами и удавами?
Новое открытие в области изучения питонов
Недавно на сайте Popular Science появились подробности о том, что происходит с сердцем питонов во время поедания крупной добычи. Результаты нового научного исследования гласят, что в первую неделю после трапезы органы змей увеличиваются, а потом уменьшаются.
Чтобы выяснить это, ученые провели эксперимент с участием королевских питонов (Python regius). Эти создания обитают в западной и центральной Африке и считаются самыми маленькими представителями семейства питонов — они вырастают максимум до 1,5-метровой длины. Одна группа питонов голодала на протяжении 28 дней, а другая питалась целыми крысами.
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Белый королевский питон. Источник фотографии: priroda.club
Оказалось, что после еды сердца питонов увеличиваются примерно на 25%. Это нужно для того, чтобы справиться с оказываемой во время переваривания пищи нагрузкой на организм. При этом, сердце становится предельно мягким, чтобы не повредиться при растяжении кожи.
Авторы научной работы считают, что новые знания об анатомии питонов в будущем могут помочь в разработке технологий лечения болезней сердца у человека. В частности, это небольшое открытие может улучшить жизнь людей с синдромом ригидности сердца. Так называется болезнь, при которой сердце человека одинаково бьется как в состоянии покоя, так и при физической активности. Другими словами, сердце людей с этим диагнозом не реагирует на другие изменения в организме.
Прямо сейчас подпишитесь на наш Дзен-канал. Так вы не пропустите ничего интересного и сможете оставлять комментарии!
Синдром ригидности сердца приводит к проблемам с кровообращением и в конечном итоге может стать причиной сердечной недостаточности, инсульта или инфаркта миокарда. Так что исследование точно было проведено не зря.
