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В 2024 году в США ожидается первое за 200 лет крупное нашествие насекомых-цикад. Жители восточных штатов этим летом могут увидеть миллиарды, если не триллионы летающих существ, которые издают звук, по громкости сравнимый с шумом двигателя вертолета. Особенно много летающих насекомых будет в Джорджии, на каждые четыре тысячи квадратных метров ожидается появление миллиона особей. Нашествие еще не началось, но ученые уже сейчас называют это событие «цикадогеддоном», что звучит как название фильма ужасов. Это будет крайне необычное и редкое событие, поэтому о нем стоит рассказать подробнее. Самое главное, что хочется узнать, — это насколько опасны цикады для людей и урожая. Если они могут быть такими же опасными, как саранча, почему власти не предпринимают меры?

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Во время нашествия цикад можно увидеть тысячи насекомых одновременно. Источник фотографии: reuters.com

Содержание

  • 1 Нашествие цикад в США
  • 2 Как выглядят и поют цикады
  • 3 Жизненный цикл цикад
  • 4 Почему в США много цикад
  • 5 Опасность цикад для людей и растений

Нашествие цикад в США

О надвигающемся на США нашествии цикад говорят многие мировые газеты, среди которых есть Fox News. Летающие насекомые не появятся из ниоткуда — они выйдут из-под земли в 17 американских штатах. Настолько крупного нашествия в США не было с 1803 года, со времен правления третьего американского президента Томаса Джефферсона. То есть с прошлого события прошел уже 221 год.

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Американцам с боязнью насекомых в 2024 году придется непросто. Источник фотографии: accuweather.com

Как выглядят и поют цикады

Цикады (Cicadidae) — это летающие насекомые, которые вырастают примерно до 5,5-сантиметровой длины. У них короткая голова, большие глаза, щетинкообразные усики и заметный хоботок. Передние крылья цикад длиннее задних.

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Внешний вид цикады. Источник фотографии: blog.adafruit.com

У самцов цикад на брюшке, позади задних ног, есть уникальные тимбальные органы. Они колеблются, в результате чего цикады издают характерный только для них звук — стрекотание. Насекомые «поют» преимущественно в жаркое время дня, вероятно, для привлечения самок. Некоторые виды цикад издают звук, похожий на свист паровоза.

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Стрекотание цикад на видео

У самок тимбальных органов нет, потому что им они, судя по всему, в жизни не нужны. Следовательно, если цикада издает звук, то это самец.

Читайте также: Почему ученые уверены, что есть насекомых — это хорошо?

Жизненный цикл цикад

Цикады откладывают свои яйца под кору деревьев. После вылупления личинки сначала питаются частями растений, а потом спускаются под землю, где едят корни. Цикады могут пребывать в состоянии личинки долгое время, вплоть до 17 лет. Только спустя определенный срок у них начинают развиваться крылья, и они выходят наружу.

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Взрослая цикада выходит из-под земли. Источник фотографии: thebullamarillo.com

Почему в США много цикад

В 2024 году в США будет особенно много цикад, потому что из-под земли вылезут сразу два поколения насекомых. Особи из «Поколения XIX» пребывали в форме личинок 13 лет, а цикады из «Поколения XIII» — 17 лет. Две сотни лет подряд на свет появлялся только один выводок, но в текущем году два поколения превратятся во взрослых особей одновременно, что очень редкое событие. В следующий раз совпадение циклов сразу двух поколений цикад состоится только в 2244 году. Так что совершенно неудивительно, что о грядущем «цикадогеддоне» трубят изо всех щелей.

На США надвигается самое большое за 200 лет нашествие цикад - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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В мире насчитывается более 3 тысяч видов цикад, которые отличаются внешностью. Источник фотографии: nacekomie.ru

Вам будет интересно: Самые редкие насекомые в мире — в дикой природе их осталось около 30 особей

Опасность цикад для людей и растений

Если бы цикады были опасны, власти США начали бы предпринимать меры по уменьшению наносимого ущерба. Но предыдущие нашествия показали, что эти насекомые не несут никакой угрозы для людей, животных и сельскохозяйственных структур. Максимум, что они могут сделать, — это помешать своим громким стрекотанием. Также они откладывают яйца в молодые деревья, что немного напрягает ученых.

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В некоторых странах цикад употребляют в пищу. Источник фотографии: businessinsider.com

В остальном цикады даже приносят пользу. В первую очередь они являются пищей для многих видов птиц и млекопитающих. Также они вносят большой вклад в насыщение почвы питательными веществами, так что сельское хозяйство при их нашествии даже может извлечь выгоду.

Обязательно подпишитесь на наши каналы в Дзен и Telegram. Также не забывайте, что у нас есть Telegram-чат!

К сожалению, в мире есть предостаточно других насекомых, которые могут привести к голоду. В первую очередь речь идет о представителях видов саранчи, которые могут вырастать до 10-сантиметровой длины и собираться в группы по сотни миллионов особей. Во время полета издалека стаи саранчи выглядят как темные облака площадью в 1000 квадратных километров. Издаваемые ими звуки можно принять за шум надвигающейся грозы. Подробнее об этих и других созданиях, которые могут нанести большой вред сельскому хозяйству, вы можете почитать в нашей статье «5 насекомых, которые вредят сельскому хозяйству и могут привести к голоду».

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