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Температура тела является одним из четырех главных показателей здоровья человека — среди остальных числятся пульс, частота дыхания и артериальное давление. Есть три основных способа измерить температуру при помощи ртутного или электронного термометра. В Европе этот простой медицинский прибор вставляется в задний проход пациента и результат виден уже спустя около минуты. В США градусник держат во рту, и тоже довольно быстро получают информацию. А в России градусник несколько минут держат под мышкой. У многих людей мог возникнуть вопрос: почему способы измерения температуры тела так отличаются?

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Существует несколько способов измерять температуру тела, и каждый из них имеет свои плюсы и минусы

Содержание

  • 1 Как измерить температуру тела
    • 1.1 Ректальное измерение температуры
    • 1.2 Оральное измерение температуры
    • 1.3 Измерение температуры в подмышечной впадине
  • 2 Как работает инфракрасный термометр
  • 3 От чего зависит температура тела

Как измерить температуру тела

Причина того, что способ измерения температуры тела во всех странах разная, проста — просто так повелось. У ректального, орального и подмышечного измерения есть как свои плюсы, так и минусы.

Ректальное измерение температуры

В большинстве европейских стран градусник вставляют в прямую кишку, потому что такой способ измерения является самым точным. Термометр показывает температуру тела примерно за одну минуту — в норме она колеблется в пределах от 36,2 до 37,7 градусов Цельсия. Главным минусом таких манипуляций с градусником, конечно же, является неудобство процесса. Мало того, что это неприятно физически, так еще в некоторых случаях требует помощи со стороны.

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Ректальное измерение температуры тела считается самым точным

Оральное измерение температуры

В США градусник для измерения температуры тела держат во рту. Это тоже очень точный способ, но только в случае, если головка электронного термометра лежит под языком. При оральном измерении температуры, нормальными считаются показатели в пределах от 35,7 до 37,3 градусов Цельсия. Важно понимать, что температура во рту человека примерно на 0,5 градуса выше, чем во всем организме. Главный минус этого способа — необходимость держать градусник во рту неподвижно, в процессе языком двигать категорически нельзя.

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Измерение температуры во рту особенно удобно, если пациент — маленький ребенок

Вам будет интересно: Что такое народная медицина и безопасна ли она?

Измерение температуры в подмышечной впадине

В постсоветском пространстве, а также на территориях Средней Азии и на Ближнего Востока градусник держат под мышкой. Ртутный градусник рекомендуется держать не менее 6 минут, а электронный нельзя убирать на протяжении дополнительных 2 минут после звукового сигнала. Во время измерения нужно неподвижно сидеть или лежать, разговаривать и заниматься другими делами нельзя. При таком способе измерения нормальной считается температура в районе от 35,3 до 36,8 градусов Цельсия.

Почему в России, Европе и США по-разному измеряют температуру — какой способ самый точный? - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Измерение температуры под мышкой удобно, но дает не самый точный результат

Важно отметить, что при подмышечном измерении градусник лучше держать слева — так результат будет наиболее точным. Дело в том, что под правой мышкой тело на 0,1-0,3 градуса Цельсия холоднее, чем под левой. Минусом этого способа измерения температуры тела является то, что он менее точный и занимает больше времени. Но в России он самый популярный, и остальные способы применяются только в случаях, когда важна предельная точность — например, перед проведением операции.

Интересный факт: подмышка — это внутренняя часть плечевого сгиба человека. Это слово не имеет ничего общего с грызунами, потому что это — буквально место, которое находится под мышцей. Мышка является ничем иным, как уменьшительной формой слово мышца.

Как работает инфракрасный термометр

В некоторых азиатских странах вместо обычных градусников уже давно используются инфракрасные термометры. Они обрели особенную популярность в период пандемии коронавируса и теперь местами используются даже в России и многих других странах. Принцип работы бесконтактного термометра предельно прост — датчик измеряет инфракрасное излучение, которое исходит от тела человека.

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Бесконтактные термометры обрели большую популярность в период пандемии

Читайте также: Как распознать начало простуды и быстрее ее вылечить?

От чего зависит температура тела

Перед измерением температуры тела любым из перечисленных выше способов нужно понимать, что на этот показатель могут влиять сторонние факторы. Например, человек может быть более «горячим», если недавно поел или физически напрягался. Также на температуру тела человека может влиять время суток, погода, толщина одежды, фаза менструального цикла и так далее.

Почему в России, Европе и США по-разному измеряют температуру — какой способ самый точный? - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Общепринято, что нормальная температура тела человека — 36,6 градусов Цельсия

Обязательно подпишитесь на наш Дзен-канал. Так вы не пропустите ни одной интересной статьи!

Ученые считают, что с каждым поколением средняя температура тела человека слегка меняется в меньшую сторону. В 19 веке немецкий врач Карл Вундерлих определил, что в норме этот показатель человеческого здоровья составляет 37 градусов Цельсия. Но результаты современных исследований говорят о том, что у нынешних мужчин и женщин температура тела меньше 36,6 градусов. Не исключено, что в будущем цифра станет еще меньше, потому что такая тенденция наблюдается не первое десятилетие. Подробнее об этом вы можете почитать в статье моего коллеги Андрея Жукова «Температура тела людей сильно снизилась — с чем это связано?».

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