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На протяжении многих тысячелетий самой яркой точкой на ночном небе считалась звезда Сириус. Она видна практически из любого региона на поверхности Земли — исключением являются разве что самые северные области нашей планеты. Самая яркая звезда ночного неба находится в 8,6 световых годах от Солнечной системы и входит в число самых близких к нам звезд. Ситуация изменилась только в 2022 году, когда на небе появилась точка намного ярче Сириуса, причем она является делом рук людей. Речь идет о ярко светящемся спутнике BlueWalker 3, который был запущен компанией AST SpaceMobile. Этот яркий объект мешает ученым изучать космические объекты и в будущем может стать причиной пропуска смертельно опасного астероида. Но это не все самое интересное, что можно рассказать об этом объекте.

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Спутник BlueWalker3 можно увидеть на небе невооруженным глазом, и в будущем таких объектов может стать больше

Для чего нужен спутник BlueWalker 3

По данным научного издания Science Alert, спутник BlueWalker 3 предназначен для «выработки электроэнергии из космоса и доставки широкополосной сотовой связи в смартфоны». После развертывания антенны, площадь аппарата составила 64,3 квадратных метра. Сначала спутник сильно отражал солнечный свет и был сильно заметен на ночном небе. Примерно к декабрю 2022 года его яркость снизилась, но люди все равно могли увидеть объект невооруженным глазом.

Созданный людьми спутник стал самым ярким объектом ночного неба — ученые бьют тревогу - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Спутник BlueWalker 3

Однако, к 4 апреля 2023 года спутник BlueWalker 3 снова стал ярким. Наблюдения показали, что видимость аппарата увеличивается, когда он находится высоко над горизонтом. Также объект становится сильно ярким при определенных углах падения солнечного света. Настолько яркий объект на небе критически усложняет работу астрономов — из-за светового загрязнения ночного неба, они не видят космические объекты. В свое время из-за этого ученые жаловались на интернет-спутники Илона Маска, о чем мы подробно рассказали в статье «Спутники Starlink мешают астрономам изучать космос».

Созданный людьми спутник стал самым ярким объектом ночного неба — ученые бьют тревогу - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Спутник BlueWalker 3 при сильном приближении

Но световое загрязнение — это не единственная угроза со стороны BlueWalker 3. В ходе исследования было обнаружено, что после запуска он улетел намного выше, чем рекомендовано специалистами из Международного астрономического союза. Также он на протяжении четырех дней не числился в общедоступных спутниковых каталогах — из-за этого специалисты, которые следят за движениями космических аппаратов, не знали о его существовании. И был высок риск, что BlueWalker 3 столкнется с другим спутником, но все обошлось.

Читайте также: Самые жуткие и таинственные места, которые видны на спутниковых снимках

Сколько спутников в космосе

После того, как спутник компании AST SpaceMobile стал ярко светить в небе, группа ученых под руководством женщины-астронома Сангиты Нандакумар забила тревогу. На земле действуют очень строгие правила насчет того, что и когда может находиться в воздушном пространстве. Однако то, что находится на околоземной орбите, уже не регулируется настолько сильно, поэтому и происходит такой беспорядок.

Созданный людьми спутник стал самым ярким объектом ночного неба — ученые бьют тревогу - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Спутник BlueWalker 3 пролетает по ночному небу

Некоторые люди могут подумать, что один яркий BlueWalker 3 вряд ли является причиной настолько больших проблем. Но таких же объектов как он в околоземной орбите уже тысячи. Всего с 1950-х годов в космос было выведено около 16 650 спутников, и многие из них уже давно выведены из строя и являются космическим мусором. С каждым годом компании запускают все больше спутников — особенно в этом деле компания SpaceX со своей системой Starlink.

Созданный людьми спутник стал самым ярким объектом ночного неба — ученые бьют тревогу - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Первое поколение спутников Starlink было видно на небе особенно отчетливо

По данным Orbiting Now, в 2023 году вокруг Земли наворачивают круги 8 693 спутника. Если компании продолжат запускать спутники в том же темпе, в 2023 году на орбите нашей планеты будет находиться 100 000 спутников, и ночное небо изменится до неузнаваемости.

Читайте также: В космосе есть астероид из золота — он может сделать всех людей миллиардерами

Чем опасны космические спутники

Конечно, компания SpaceX уже приняла меры по уменьшению светового загрязнения. В 2021 году специалисты разработали технологию VisorSat, благодаря которой спутники начали отражать в разы меньше солнечного света и стали практически невидимыми для людей. Но их количество растет, причем у компании SpaceX уже есть много конкурентов, которые тоже желают заполонить космическое пространство своими аппаратами. Они не только усугубляют световое загрязнение ночного неба, но и увеличивают риск столкновений в околоземном пространстве. В таком случае в небе станет не только слишком много мешающего астрономам света, но и мусора.

Думаем, вам понравится в нашем Дзен-канале. Подписавшись, можно не только следить за новостями науки и технологий, но и оставлять комментарии под статьями!

Космического мусора очень много даже сейчас. Иногда ученые даже совершают ошибки, принимая обломки старых космических аппаратов за астероиды.

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