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Как вы думаете, кто является самым большим живым организмом в мире? Многие люди без колебаний ответят, что это синий кит, длина тела которого достигает 33 метров, а масса превышает 150 тонн. Действительно, это самое большое создание в животном мире, у которого нет никаких конкурентов. Но не стоит забывать, что живыми также являются растения и грибы, потому что они растут, развиваются, питаются, реагируют на раздражители и даже своеобразно общаются между собой. Если учесть это, то одним из самых крупных организмов на Земле является тополиная роща Пандо, которая располагается в американском штате Юта. Она состоит из почти 5 тысяч деревьев с одинаковым ДНК, которые занимают площадь в 40 гектаров (400 000 квадратных метров). В 1968 году ученые заметили, что все эти деревья ведут себя одинаково, а недавно вообще смогли записать звуки, которые издает этот огромный организм.
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Один из самых больших организмов «живет» в Юте и весит 6000 тонн
Самый тяжелый организм в мире
По данным научного издания Science Alert, огромная роща Пандо состоит из 47 000 стволов осинообразного тополя (Populus tremuloides). Эти деревья способны вырастать до 35-метровой длины и во времена СССР использовались для озеленения территорий.
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Колония тополя осинообразного в штате Юта. Источник фотографии: 22century.ru
Результаты научных исследований показали, что все деревья из леса Пандо имеют общую корневую систему и идентичны на генетическом уровне. Именно поэтому его считают единым живым организмом, являющимся одним из самых крупных на Земле. По расчетам ученых, общая масса всех тополей составляет около 6000 тонн, а возраст леса Пандо равняется 80 тысячам лет.
Важно отметить, что ученые до сих пор не пришли к единому мнению насчет того, сколько лет лесу Пандо. В одних источниках говорится, что он начал расти 80 тысяч лет назад, а в других — 12 тысяч лет назад.
Самый древний лес в мире: какие деревья в нем произрастали?
Ученые записали звук деревьев
В 2023 году организаторы экологического проекта Friends of Pando совершили невероятное — они смогли записать то, как лес Пандо звучит изнутри. Шелест листьев и скрип стволов мы можем услышать своими ушами, а вот для проникновения в глубины деревьев пришлось использовать специальное оборудование.
Специалисты обнажили пространство между корней деревьев и поместили в них гидрофоны. Так называются особые микрофоны, обычно применяемые для записи звуков под водой. Но авторы научной работы объяснили, что для работы этих устройств не обязательно нужна вода, и они прекрасно улавливают вибрации, исходящие из корней растений.
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Границы леса Пандо с высоты птичьего полета. Автор изображения: Lance Oditt/Friends of Pando
Исследователи смогли записать низкий гул, который заметно усилился во время грозы. Они объяснили, что это вибрация от миллионов листьев во всем огромном лесу. Также гидрофон смог уловить стук на расстоянии примерно 30 метров, который не был слышен на воздухе. Ученые посчитали это очередным доказательством того, что все деревья в роще Пандо взаимосвязаны и передают звуки лучше, чем воздух. Есть небольшая доля вероятности, что звук передался через почву, поэтому ученые хотят провести дополнительное исследование.
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Звуки леса Пандо найти не удалось, но вот как изнутри звучат другие деревья
Изначально запись глубинных звуков леса Пандо была просто арт-проектом. Но авторы нашли в этом и научный потенциал — они смогут изучить, как между собой взаимодействуют деревья. Наука до сих пор много чего не знает о растениях, так что это очень хорошее начинание. Ученые только в 2024 году смогли записать на видео, как происходит общение растений. Это надо видеть!
Вам будет интересно: Почему деревья быстрее растут по ночам?
Самая большая грибница в мире
Вы могли заметить, что на протяжении всей статьи мы назвали лес Пандо одним из самых крупных живых организмов на Земле. Но мы не называли его самым крупным, потому что существует нечто гораздо большее.
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Огромная грибница в Орегоне. Источник фотографии: 22century.ru
Самым крупным живым организмом в мире считается грибница темного опенка (Armillaria ostoyae). Она произрастает в американском штате Орегон и занимает собой площадь в 880 гектаров, что равняется 8,8 миллионам квадратных метров. Возраст этой грибницы оценивается в 2,4 тысячи лет.
А вы знаете, что у нас есть Telegram-чат с познавательными викторинами? Обязательно вступите!
Некоторые люди называют этот организм «опенком-монстром», и причина заключается не только в его гигантском размере. Дело в том, что проникает в корни деревьев и вызывает их гибель. Именно благодаря массовой гибели деревьев ученым и удалось найти этот организм, большая часть которого скрывается под земной поверхностью. Если вам интересно, мы обязательно расскажем об этом грибном монстре в одной из следующих наших статей. Подпишитесь на наш Telegram-канал, чтобы не пропустить!
