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Некоторые животные демонстрируют ученым невероятную изобретательность во время охоты. Они не особо утруждают себя погоней за добычей — вместо этого они сооружают хитрые ловушки, используют особенности окружающей среды и применяют весьма неожиданные стратегии. Например, в мире существуют пауки, которые ловят светлячков и заставляют их испускать световые сигналы, привлекающие внимание других особей. Таким образом они приманивают в свои паутины больше жертв. Представляем вашему вниманию еще несколько примеров того, как животные охотятся не силой, а умом.

7 хитрых животных, которые охотятся с помощью гениальных ловушек - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Хитрыми бывают не только лисы — существует много других сообразительных животных! Источник изображения: Reddit

Содержание

  • 1 Как охотятся пауки
  • 2 Как охотятся крокодилы
  • 3 Как охотятся киты
  • 4 Как охотятся муравьи
  • 5 Как охотятся змеи
  • 6 Как охотятся дикие кошки
  • 7 Как охотятся черепахи

Как охотятся пауки

В Китае обитают пауки-ткачи вида Araneus ventricosus, которые нашли необычный способ приманивать добычу — они используют светлячков. Во время брачного сезона самцы светлячков испускают многократные световые сигналы, чтобы привлечь самок. Самки отвечают короткими вспышками, приглашая самцов к себе.

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Паук-ткач приманивает добычу. Источник изображения: Live Science

Хитрые пауки используют этот процесс в свою пользу. Они ловят самцов светлячков и вводят в их тела яд, из-за чего те начинают испускать сигналы, похожие на сигналы самок. Эти вспышки привлекают других самцов, которые попадают прямо в паутину пауков, становясь их следующей добычей.

Как охотятся крокодилы

Крокодилы и аллигаторы не только обладают огромной силой, но и проявляют незаурядное мастерство в охоте. Исследователи из Луизианы обратили внимание на необычный способ, которым миссисипские аллигаторы (Alligator mississippiensis) заманивают птиц.

Чтобы привлечь внимание пернатых, они используют палочки. Аллигаторы кладут ветки на свои морды и замирают в воде, терпеливо ожидая, пока птицы, которые собирают материал для гнезд, подлетят ближе.

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Крокодил использует приманку, чтобы поймать птиц. Источник изображения: Live Science

Эта стратегия особенно эффективна в районах, где птицы активно строят гнезда, и наблюдалась только в период гнездования с марта по май каждого года. Как только птица подлетает к ветке, аллигатор мгновенно атакует, чтобы поймать свою добычу.

Как охотятся киты

Горбатые киты (Megaptera novaeangliae) разработали поистине уникальный охотничий метод, который получил название «пузырьковая сеть». Эти гиганты не просто гоняются за рыбой, а мастерски используют хитрую ловушку.

7 хитрых животных, которые охотятся с помощью гениальных ловушек - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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«Пузырьковая сеть» горбатых китов. Источник изображения: Science Alert

Киты плавают под косяками рыбы, описывая круги, и создают пузырьки, которые, словно невидимая сеть, сжимают рыбу в плотную группу, не позволяя ей рассеяться. Когда рыба оказывается в ловушке, киты поднимают ее ближе к поверхности, широко открывают пасти и заглатывают огромное количество добычи за один раз. Этот способ охоты передается в группах китов и может немного различаться в зависимости от популяции.

Больше подробностей: Как киты охотятся на рыб при помощи ловушек?

Как охотятся муравьи

Древесные муравьи вида Azteca brevis, обитающие в тропических лесах Центральной Америки, проявляют удивительную командную хитрость во время охоты. Эти удивительные насекомые строят свои гнезда на стеблях деревьев, а затем проделывают в них маленькие отверстия, в которых прячутся с раскрытыми челюстями.

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Муравьи прячутся в стеблях деревьев. Источник изображения: Live Science

Когда ничего не подозревающие насекомые проходят по стеблю, муравьи быстро хватают их за лапки и обездвиживают. Затем они начинают разделывать свою добычу на мелкие кусочки, чтобы утащить их в гнездо.

Такая тактика позволяет муравьям ловить насекомых, не покидая своего укрытия, что делает их охоту максимально эффективной.

Как охотятся змеи

Паукохвостые гадюки (Pseudocerastes urarachnoides) обитают в Западной Азии и используют удивительные маскировочные способности, чтобы поймать свою добычу. На конце их хвоста есть покрытое чешуйками утолщение, которое создает иллюзию паучьего тела.

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Змея с хвостом, похожим на паука. Источник изображения: Science Alert

Эта «паучья приманка» привлекает внимание ящериц, грызунов и даже птиц, которые видят в ней легкую добычу. Как только жертва фокусируется на «пауке», змея внезапно нападает, не оставляя ей шансов на спасение.

Как охотятся дикие кошки

Маргаи (Leopardus wiedii), небольшие длиннохвоствые кошки, тоже проявляют удивительную хитрость во время охоты на свою добычу. Они издают звуки, которые напоминают крики детенышей обезьян пегиев тамарин (Saguinus bicolor). Эти звуки привлекают внимание взрослых обезьян, которые спешат на помощь, думая, что детеныши находятся в опасности.

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Длиннохвостая кошка. Источник изображения: National Geographic

7 хитрых животных, которые охотятся с помощью гениальных ловушек - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Обезьяна пегий тамарин. Источник изображения: Science Alert

Когда взрослые обезьяны приближаются к источнику звуков, маргаи внезапно нападают на них. Местные жители Амазонии уже давно слышали крики маргаев по ночам, но научное подтверждение этой хитрости было получено только в 2009 году.

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Как охотятся черепахи

Грифовые черепахи (Macrochelys temminckii) являются самыми крупными пресноводными черепахами, обитающими исключительно в реках Америки.

Они известны колючим панцирем и тусклым цветом, что позволяет им сливаться с грязным речным дном. Черепахи способны неподвижно сидеть под водой с широко открытым ртом, поджидая свою жертву. Их язык напоминает маленького червячка, который активно движется, привлекая рыбу.

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Огромная черепаха с прекрасной маскировкой. Источник изображения: Live Science

Как только рыба приближается, черепаха молниеносно закрывает свою пасть. Рыба, обманутая приманкой, оказывается в ловушке, и черепаха быстро поглощает ее.

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