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Прямо сейчас, в водах Антарктиды, Арктики и Гренландии плавают тысячи огромных кусков льда, которые откололись от шельфовых ледников. Их точное количество подсчитать невозможно, однако самые крупные из них хорошо известны ученым и за ними ведется тщательное наблюдение. Недавно стало известно, что самый крупный айсберг в мире под названием A23a впервые пришел в движение за последние тридцать лет. Размер этой глыбы льда в два раза больше Москвы, а масса оценивается почти в триллион тонн. К каким последствиям может привести движение айсберга A23а, неизвестно. Одни ученые считают, что со временем он снова остановится, другие же опасаются, что глыба льда станет причиной возникновения некоторых проблем.
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Самый большой айсберг в мире почти в два раза больше Москвы
Интересный факт: слово «айсберг» происходит от голландского «ijsberg», что дословно можно перевести как «ледяная гора». Самые большие айсберги чаще всего образуются в Антарктиде и имеют плоскую форму. А айсберги в Арктике имеют более неправильную внешность. Примерно 90% всего айсберга находится под водой — то, что мы видим на поверхности, это лишь его малая часть.
Самый большой айсберг в мире
На протяжении многих лет, рекорд величины принадлежал айсбергу А-68. В 2020 году его площадь составляла 4 200 квадратных километров, то есть он был в два раза больше Москвы. Он откололся от шельфового ледника Ларсена, а потом начал плыть в сторону британского острова Южная Георгия. В середине декабря 2020 года глыба льда разделилась на две части, а спустя несколько недель ученые заметили четыре фрагмента. Спутниковые снимки 2021 года вовсе показали, что айсберг A-68 был разделен на 11 крупных и множество мелких частей, то есть он уже не является самым большим в мире.
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Айсберг А-68 из космоса в 2020 году
В 2023 году самым крупным айсбергом считается объект A23a. Огромная глыба льда откололась от ледника Ронне, некоторое время плавала в водах моря Уэдделла, и в 1986 году села на мель. Изначально ее площадь составляла 4 000 квадратных километров, то есть она тоже была размером почти в две Москвы (площадь столицы России составляет 2,5 тысяч квадратных километров. Со временем он начал таять, и примерно в 2020 году начал потихоньку двигаться дальше.
Читайте также: Новая угроза из Антарктиды — Землю может накрыть гигантское цунами
Движение айсберга A23a
По данным издания IFL Science, недавно специалисты из Британской антарктической службы объявили, что судя по спутниковым фотографиям айсберг A23a значительно изменился. Огромный кусок льда снова движется по просторам моря Уэдделла вместе с Антарктическим циркумполярным течением. Если с айсбергом не произойдет ничего неожиданного, в конечном итоге он окажется в южной части Атлантического океана. Как и все другие глыбы льда, в этой области объект A23a растает.
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Новостной репортаж о движении айсберга A23a
С другой стороны, некоторые ученые опасаются, что айсберг A23a может снова застрять на одном месте, как только достигнет острова Южная Георгия. В этом случае может произойти беда — живущие на этом клочке земли животные из-за глыбы льда могут потерять доступ к пище. Отмечается, что на этом острове обитают многие звери, среди которых числятся тюлени, пингвины и морские птицы. Если они останутся без еды, их будущие популяции могут сильно пострадать.
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Траектория движения айсберга A23a
Вам будет интересно: Как выглядит «Титаник» в 2022 году?
Чем опасны айсберги
Айсберги могут представлять опасность и из-за других факторов. Например, их таяние может повлиять на уровень морей и океанов, ведь вода, освобождающаяся при таянии льда, увеличивает объем воды в мировых бассейнах. Это может привести к подъему уровня морей и и стать причиной затопления прибрежных городов. Также таяние глыб льда способно повлиять на состав воды, сделав ее более или менее соленой — это чревато гибелью морских обитателей.
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Большая часть айсбергов скрыта под водой, что очень опасно для кораблей
Наконец, айсберги опасны потому, что их большая часть находится под водой, и они могут стать причиной аварий для кораблей. Когда судно сталкивается с невидимой под водой частью айсберга, это может привести к серьезным повреждениям и затоплению. Такие столкновения представляют угрозу безопасности для мореплавателей, и поэтому корабли обязаны остерегаться районов, где могут находиться айсберги, особенно в холодных водах.
Обязательно подпишитесь на наши каналы в Дзен и Telegram. Так вы не пропустите ни одну интересную статью!
Самая крупная катастрофа с участием айсберга произошла в 1912 году — конечно же, речь идет о крушении «Титаника». Причина этой катастрофы уже давно известна, но есть много других, альтернативных версий. Почитать о них вы можете в нашей статье «Почему затонул “Титаник”? 5 самых интересных теорий».
