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Крокодилы, змеи, черепахи, лягушки и многие другие земноводные и пресмыкающиеся Земли относятся к холоднокровным животным. Это значит, что температура их тела колеблется в широких пределах в зависимости от температуры окружающей среды. Когда погода холодная, у них сильно замедляются частота сердцебиения и обмен веществ, благодаря чему они и могут выживать в экстремальных условиях. У теплокровных животных температура тела не зависит от внешних условий, и эта особенность в большей степени свойственна млекопитающим. Однако, примерно 6 миллионов лет назад на нашей планете обитало уникальное животное, которое относилось к классу млекопитающих, но при этом было холоднокровным. Внешне оно напоминало очень маленькую козу, но организм работал как у крокодила.

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Балеарский козел — единственное холоднокровное млекопитающее в истории Земли

Содержание

  • 1 Теплокровные и холоднокровные животные
  • 2 Какими были балеарские козы
  • 3 Единственные холоднокровные млекопитающие в мире
  • 4 Вымирание балеарских коз

Теплокровные и холоднокровные животные

Описать различие между теплокровными и холоднокровными животными нашей планеты очень просто. Крокодилам, лягушкам, змеям и многим другим земноводным и пресмыкающимся, чтобы согреться, нужно лежать и греться под солнцем. А вот теплокровным млекопитающим, к которым также относится человек, необходимо часто питаться, чтобы поддерживать постоянную температуру тела.

Балеарские козы — единственные холоднокровные млекопитающие на Земле - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Примеры холоднокровных животных

Балеарские козы — единственные холоднокровные млекопитающие на Земле - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Примеры теплокровных животных

По данным научного издания IFL Science, тысячи лет назад на испанских островах Мальорка и Менорка обитали уникальные создания, которые были млекопитающими, но имели особенности холоднокровных животных. Речь идет о балеарских козах (Myotragus balearicus), которые также выделялись своим необычным внешним видом.

Читайте также: Самые незаметные животные в мире — попробуйте найти их на фотографиях

Какими были балеарские козы

Балеарские козы — это млекопитающие, которые внешне напоминали маленьких коз. В среднем, их рост составлял около 45 сантиметров, так что размерами они были сравнимы с домашними собаками. При этом, масса их тела могла достигать 70 килограммов. На нижней челюсти их небольшой головы располагались два резца, прямо как у грызунов. На голове самцов и самок имелись рога — судя по находкам, они были короткими.

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Череп балеарской козы

У балеарских коз были короткие ноги, из-за чего они не могли набирать высокую скорость во время бега. К счастью, миллионы лет назад на островах Мальорка и Менорка не было угрожавших им хищников — разве что, на детенышей могли нападать хищные птицы.

Вам будет интересно: Самые редкие животные, которые находятся в «научном розыске»

Единственные холоднокровные млекопитающие в мире

На то, что козы из Балеарских островов были холоднокровными, намекают останки их костей. Земноводные и пресмыкающиеся, из-за своей холоднокровности, растут медленно и способны контролировать или даже останавливать свое развитие в зависимости от наличия ресурсов. Следы всех этих различий в скорости роста остаются на их костях, прямо как годичные кости деревьев. Когда ученые обнаружили кости балеарских коз, в их костях тоже были найдены такие следы. Это первые и единственные известные млекопитающие, которые имеют такую особенность.

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На костях балеарских коз есть свидетельства того, что они холоднокровные животные

Если температура их тела действительно была ниже, чем у других млекопитающих, это позволяло их экономить энергию путем меньшей физической активности и редкой кормежки. Следовательно, балеарские козы были очень медлительными созданиями, которые часто лежали и грелись на солнце.

Вот еще кое-что интересное: Как выглядят самые странные животные в мире и почему они стали такими?

Вымирание балеарских коз

Считается, что эти необычные козы появились в Балеарских островах 6 миллионов лет назад. Они легко перешли с материка на остров потому, что в давние времена между ними существовал участок суши. Однако, потом он исчез, и холоднокровные млекопитающие так и остались там жить.

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Балеарские козы долгое время никого не боялись, что и стало основной причиной их вымирания

К сожалению, примерно 5 000 лет назад их медлительный образ жизни сыграл с ними злую шутку. Когда на острове появились люди, карликовые козы стали для них легкой добычей — мало того, что они медленно бегали, так еще часто лежали на солнце и в целом не боялись чужаков из-за раннего отсутствия хищников.

Также их вымиранию могла способствовать деятельность пастухов, которые привезли с собой на острова одомашненных коз. Они могли съесть кормовую растительность, и дикие балеарские создания могли умереть от голода. А еще на них могли нападать пастушьи собаки, это тоже похожая на правду версия. Никаких признаков того, что люди пытались одомашнить балеарских коз, ученые не нашли.

Еще больше интересных статей вы найдете в наших каналах в Дзен и Telegram. Обязательно подпишитесь!

На нашем сайте есть любопытная статья о том, как люди одомашнили коз. Если вы хотите расширить свой кругозор и удивлять окружающих своими знаниями, обязательно к прочтению!

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