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В 1967 году СССР отмечал свое 50-летие. Разумеется, это событие сопровождалось торжествами на Земле. Однако руководству страны, очевидно, этого показалось мало. Так как на 60-е годы пришелся пик космической гонки, в честь юбилея был запланирован пилотируемый комический полет с выполнением трюка. Исполнить его должен был советский космонавт Владимир Михайлович Комаров. О том, что идея безрассудная, говорили многие космонавты, включая Юрия Гагарина. Однако миссия все равно стартовала, в результате чего Владимир Комаров погиб, при этом стал известен на весь мир, как “человек, который упал из космоса”.
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Советский космонавт Владимир Михайлович Комаров
Космический трюк Владимира Комарова
Владимир Комаров был выбран космонавтом для совершения опасного трюка неслучайно. К 1967 году он имел множество наград, а его имя знали во всем мире, так как он стал первым в истории командиром космического корабля, а также первым советским космонавтом, который побывал в космосе дважды.
Согласно задумке, на орбиту должны были подняться два космических корабля — “Союз-1” с Владимиром Комаровым и “Союз-2” с экипажем из трех человек. При этом Комаров и экипаж «Союза-2» должны были поменяться местами, после чего отправиться на Землю.
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Космический аппарат Союз
Существуют некоторые свидетельства (хотя и оспариваемые) того, что еще за несколько месяцев до запуска специалисты предупреждали, что этот трюк может окончиться трагически. Например, в книге “Звездный человек: правда, скрывающаяся за легендой о Юрии Гагарине” говорится, что Юрий Гагарин вместе с другими техническими специалистами осмотрели корабль и обнаружили более 200 различных проблем, которые делали запланированную миссию крайне опасной.
Список неисправностей был перечислен на десятистраничной памятке. Однако из-за опасений попасть в немилость к руководителю страны Леониду Брежневу, ее не передали.
Вениамин Руссаев, агента КГБ, приставленный к Юрию Гагарину, в своем интервью вспоминал, что друзья пытались отговорить Владимира Комарова, так как последствия от отказа были бы в любом случае менее тяжелыми, чем гарантированная гибель. Однако сам Комаров знал, что в этом случае трюк придется выполнить его другу Юрию Гагарину.
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Юрий Гагарин отговаривал Владимира Комарова от полета на Союзе-1
По словам Вениамина Руссаева, именно это стало причиной того, что Комаров, понимая всю опасность, все же решил выполнить трюк. Однако, чтобы отомстить людям, которые отправили его на гибель, он попросил хоронить себя в открытом гробу, если что-то пойдет не так.
Гибель космонавта Владимира Комарова
В день старта миссии, Юрий Гагарин начал действовать не по протоколу. Он спустился на стартовую площадку, чтобы поговорить с Владимиром Комаровым. Существует мнение, что Гагарин пытался задержать запуск настолько, чтобы его пришлось отменить. Однако его задумка не сработала — запуск состоялся и Комаров на борту “Союза-1” поднялся в космос.
Сначала все шло хорошо, однако пролетев один виток, космонавт стал докладывать на Землю о том, что возникли проблемы. Одна из солнечных панелей корабля не раскрылась, в результате чего у него было мало энергии. Кроме того, Комарову не удавалось стабилизировать корабль. На помощь должен был отправиться второй корабль «Союз-2», однако из-за непогоды запуск был отменен. Тогда Комаров предпринял попытку самостоятельно сориентировать корабль, войти в плотные слои атмосферы и сесть на девятнадцатом витке в районе Орска.
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Рухнувшая капсула с Владимиром Комаровым
Как сообщается, Комаров до последнего момента оставался сдержанным в эмоциях и пытался завершить полет успешно и вернуться на Землю живым. Однако после вхождения в плотные слои атмосферы на участке приземления парашютная система отказала. Основной парашют раскрылся неправильно. Тогда Комаров попытался воспользоваться резервным парашютом, но он зацепился за главный парашют. В результате капсула с Владимиром Комаровым рухнула вниз со скоростью метеорита. После удара о землю она загорелась, а сам космонавт мгновенно погиб.
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Последние слова Комарова были перехвачены американскими радиостанциями в Турции. Как сообщается, он произнес: “Этот дьявольский корабль!”. В официальных же советских стенограммах содержатся такие последние слова Комарова: “Я чувствую себя превосходно, все в порядке”, после чего добавил: «Спасибо, что передали все это”. Затем связь оборвалась, Владимир Комаров погиб в тот момент, когда наземное управление попыталось восстановить контакт.
Переходите по ссылке на наш ДЗЕН КАНАЛ. Мы подготовили для вас множество интересных, захватывающих материалов, посвященных науке.
Таким образом, политическая часть миссии была выполнена — пилотируемый полет в честь юбилея СССР состоялся. А вот космическая часть миссии не удалась — выполнить трюк и вернуться домой Владимир Комаров не смог.
