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Сверхзвуковые пассажирские авиаперевозки прекратились более 20 лет назад. Последний французский сверхзвуковой самолет Конкорд совершил полет в последний раз 26 ноября 2003 года. От них было решено отказаться по разным причинам, главными из которых является дискомфорт при полетах, причем его ощущают как пассажиры самолета, так и люди на земле из-за характерного хлопка. Однако недавно НАСА разработало самолет X-59, который не издает хлопок при полете. Кроме того, другие автопроизводители также работают над созданием своего сверхзвукового пассажирского самолета. В частности, компания Boom Supersonic уже провела первые летные испытания своего аппарата XB-1, который является прототипом пассажирского авиалайнера. Полет был осуществлен в Калифорнии 22 марта и прошел в полной мере успешно.
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Экспериментальный сверхзвуковой самолет XB-1 совершил первый свой полет. Источник фото: boomsupersonic.com
Экологичный сверхзвуковой самолет XB-1
Самолет XB-1 разрабатывался для последующего создания на его основе экологичного сверхзвукового авиалайнера Overture. Пока еще он находится на ранней стадии разработки, но в конечном итоге должен стать “Конкордом” 21-го века. Вполне возможно, он ознаменует собой начало новой эпохи сверхзвуковых авиаперевозок.
Некоторые авиакомпании уже даже заявили о готовности приобрести эти самолеты, например United Airlines выявила желание закупить сразу 50 Overture к 2029 году. В общей сложности у авиапроизводителя уже имеется более 130 заказов Как сообщается, самолет будет более энергоэффективным, чем все его предшественники. Кроме того, он будет работать на 100% экологичном топливе.
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Так будет выглядеть пассажирский сверхзвуковой авиалайнер Overture. Источник фото: boomsupersonic.com
Напомним, что XB-1 Supersonic Demonstrator был представлен еще в 2016 году. Он оснащен сразу тремя двигателями General Electric J85-15, обладающими системой управления вектором тяги. Фюзеляж самолета с изменяемой геометрией крыла выполнен из углеродного волокна и композитных материалов.
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Корпус самолета выполнен из углеродного волокна и композитов. Источник фото: boomsupersonic.com
Над его дизайном работали специалисты из NASA, Boeing и SpaceX. Согласно проекту, самолет сможет развивать скорость до 2335 километров в час. Это позволит в три раза быстрее перевозить пассажиров, чем любой другой современный авиалайнер. Салон будет рассчитан на 64-80 пассажиров.
Интересные особенности сверхзвукового авиалайнера Overture
Самолет имеет несколько интересных особенностей, повышающих его эффективность и безопасность. Например, он оснащен системой обзора дополненной реальности. Две установленные в носовой части камеры, дополненные цифровой индикацией положения и траектории полета, выводят информацию на дисплей пилота с высоким разрешением. Это обеспечит улучшенную видимость и ориентацию на взлетно-посадочной полосе.
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Система дополненной реальности обеспечит дополнительную безопасность при взлете и посадке. Источник фото: boomsupersonic.com
При создании дизайна инженерами была использована технологии оптимизации аэродинамики. Вычислительное моделирование позволило остановиться на оптимальном дизайне после анализа тысяч различных вариантов XB-1. Оптимизированная конструкция сочетает в себе безопасность при взлете и посадке, а также эффективность на сверхзвуковых скоростях.
Для реализации сложного аэродинамического дизайна, как уже было сказано выше, использованы композитные материалы и углеродное волокно. Благодаря им конструкция получилась прочной и легкой. Также компания Boom Supersonic сообщает, что в самолете применены уникальные сверхзвуковые воздухозаборники, которые замедляют поток воздуха до дозвуковых скоростей, что позволяет обычным реактивным двигателям работать в оптимальном режиме на всем протяжении полета, включая сверхзвуковой полет.
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Цифровая оптимизация аэродинамики обеспечит повышенную стабильность самолета на всем протяжении полета — от взлета и до посадки. Источник фото: boomsupersonic.com
Первое испытание сверхзвукового самолета
В отличие от экспериментального самолета X-59 НАСА, XB-1 уже совершил первый полет. Как сообщает компания Boom Supersonic, на высоте более 2000 метров самолет развил скорость в 439 км/час. Конечно, это гораздо меньше скорости звука, которая составляет немногим более 1234 км/ч. однако перед самолетом не стояло такой задачи во время первого испытания. Прежде чем разгоняться до высоких скоростей, инженерам необходимо было проверить и оценить безопасность, а также управляемость самолета. Как сообщается, со всеми поставленными перед ним задачами он справился.
Переходите по ссылке на наш ДЗЕН КАНАЛ. Мы подготовили для вас множество интересных, захватывающих материалов, посвященных науке.
По словам генерального директора Boom Supersonic, самолет XB-1 совершил полет в том же “священном” воздушном пространстве, где в 1947 году Bell X-1 впервые преодолел звуковой барьер. Очевидно, в ближайшее время будут происходить новые испытания, результаты которых будут использованы для создания пассажирского авиалайнера Overture.
