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Безо всяких преувеличений, первый полет Юрия Гагарина в космос 12 апреля 1961 года — это одно из самых главных событий в науке за всю историю человечества. Он вылетел из космодрома Байконур на космическом корабле «Восток-1», сделал один виток вокруг Земли, и пробыл в космосе 108 минут. Первый полет человека в космос доказал, что за пределами планеты человек полностью сохраняет работоспособность и ясность мышления. Можно сказать, что Юрий Гагарин протоптал тропинку в космос для всех будущих космонавтов и астронавтов. Он является всемирно известным человеком, но существуют и другие отечественные космонавты, которые сделали большой вклад в развитие науки. Конечно, их подвиги не настолько великие, как у Юрия Гагарина, но знать их имена все равно должны все.
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Помимо Юрия Гагарина, существует много других космонавтов, совершивших важные подвиги
Содержание
- 1 Космонавт Герман Титов — самый молодой человек в космосе
- 2 Валентина Терешкова — первая женщина в космосе
- 3 Алексей Леонов — первый человек в открытом космосе
- 4 Светлана Савицкая — первая женщина в открытом космосе
- 5 Валерий Поляков — самая долгая миссия в космосе
- 6 Анатолий Соловьев — самое долгое время в открытом космосе
- 7 Олег Кононенко — самое долгое время в космосе
Космонавт Герман Титов — самый молодой человек в космосе
Вторым самым известным космонавтом в мире является Герман Титов. Он был дублером Юрия Гагарина, поэтому именно ему предложили совершить второй полет в космос 6 августа 1961 года.
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Советский космонавт Герман Титов в 1961 году. Источник: museum-cosmos.ru
Герман Титов отправился в космос на корабле «Восток-2». Он стал первым человеком, который провел в космическом пространстве более одного дня — всего его полет длился 1 сутки, 1 час и 11 минут. За это время он успел облететь Землю 17 раз и тем самым преодолел более 700 тысяч километров.
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Герман Титов — первый человек, который пробыл в космосе более одного дня. Источник: spacegid.com
Будучи в полете, Герман Титов успел сделать многое. Например, он на своем примере показал, как работает организм человека во время длительного пребывания в космосе. Он стал первым человеком, который попробовал спать и есть за пределами Земли. Еще ему удалось сделать первые снимки Земли из космоса при помощи обычного фотоаппарата.
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Снимок Земли из космоса, сделанный Германом Титовым. Источник: gazeta.ru
Если Юрий Гагарин протоптал первую тропинку в космосе, то Герман Титов сделал ее еще более заметной и удобной для будущих исследователей. Впечатляет то, что он до сих пор является самым молодым человеком в космосе — на момент полета Герману Титову было всего лишь 25 лет.
Читайте также: Удивительные фотографии космической программы СССР, которые вы еще не видели
Валентина Терешкова — первая женщина в космосе
Спустя два года после легендарных полетов Юрия Гагарина и Германа Титова в космос отправилась первая женщина — Валентина Терешкова. Внутри космического корабля «Восток-6» 16 июня 1963 года она вышла на земную орбиту и провела там 2 суток, 22 часа и 51 минуту.
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Во время полета в космос, Валентине Терешковой было 26 лет. Источник: yar.life
Во время полета с Валентиной Терешковой произошла неприятность. Из-за ошибки ее корабль с каждым витком вокруг Земли начал отдаляться. К счастью, вместе с центром управления полетами ей удалось решить проблему — если бы она не смогла это сделать, корабль бы не вернулся обратно. На протяжении нескольких десятилетий этот факт держался под секретом.
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Валентина Терешкова до сих пор остается первой женщиной, которая летала в космос одна. Источник: m24.ru
После Валентины Терешковой в космос отправлялись и другие женщины, но все они летали вместе с другими членами экипажа. А вот наша соотечественница была одна, и этот подвиг все еще никто не смог повторить. Спустя год после возвращения из космоса она родила здорового малыша и доказала, что у космонавтов могут быть дети.
Вам будет интересно: Почему женщины лучше подходят для полета на Марс, чем мужчины
Алексей Леонов — первый человек в открытом космосе
Первый выход человека в открытый космос был совершен 18 марта 1965 года. Тогда советский космонавт Алексей Леонов добрался до земной орбиты на корабле «Восход-2», а потом вышел из него в бесконечное пространство на целых 12 минут.
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Космонавт Алексей Леонов в 1965 году. Источник: kp.ru
Во время вылазки советский космонавт чуть не умер. Неожиданно для всех в космосе у него раздулся скафандр, и мужчина не мог втиснуться обратно в люк. Это удалось сделать только после того, как Алексей Леонов выдавил из костюма лишний воздух. Вдобавок к этому на корабле «Восход-2» возникло семь аварий, которые тоже могли стоить космонавту жизни.
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Алексей Леонов также был отличным художником, вот его картина «Выход в открытый космос». Источник: snob.ru
Также Алексей Леонов известен тем, что руководил кораблем «Союз-19» в 1975 году. В рамках этого полета советские космонавты состыковались с американским кораблем «Аполлон». Это была первая в истории стыковка космических кораблей разных стран.
Смотрите все: Вышедших в открытый космос астронавтов впервые увидели с Земли
Светлана Савицкая — первая женщина в открытом космосе
Первой женщиной в космосе является Валентина Терешкова, а вот первой в открытом космосе — Светлана Савицкая.
Всего она летала в космос два раза. Первая миссия была совершена в 1982 году, когда в качестве одного из членов экипажа корабля «Союз Т-7» она прилетела на космическую станцию «Салют» и пробыла там неделю.
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Светлана Савицкая в 1984 году. Источник: kosmos-memorial.ru
Второй полет Светлана Савицкая совершила в июле 1984 года. В рамках 12-дневной миссии она вышла в открытый космос вместе с Владимиром Джанибековым и установила рекорд: женщина оставалась в открытом пространстве 3 часа 35 минут. Всё это время она со своим коллегой проводила научные эксперименты.
Светлана Савицкая на своем примере в очередной раз доказала, что женщины могут прекрасно справляться с работой космонавта.
Читайте также: Уникальные сувениры из СССР, побывавшие в космосе
Валерий Поляков — самая долгая миссия в космосе
В январе 1994 года советский космонавт Валерий Поляков отправился на советскую космическую станцию «Мир». Перед ним стояла грандиозная задача — выполнить программу биологических исследований, чтобы улучшить систему поддержания жизни космонавтов в будущем.
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Космонавт Валерий Поляков. Источник: mk.ru
Он отлично проделал свою работу, но она заняла очень много времени. Валерий Поляков вернулся на Землю только в марте 1995 года. Так он стал мировым рекордсменом по проведенному в космосе времени — 437 дней и 18 часов.
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Валерий Поляков после возвращения на Землю. Источник: habr.com
За всю свою карьеру Валерий Поляков совершил два полета. Если сложить их, суммарно он провел в космосе 678 дней и 16 часов. Несмотря на длительное пребывание в космосе, он прожил 80 лет — смерть настигла его в сентябре 2022 года.
Статья в тему: Самые удивительные рекорды, поставленные людьми в космосе
Анатолий Соловьев — самое долгое время в открытом космосе
Рекорд пребывания в открытом космосе тоже принадлежит нашему соотечественнику Анатолию Соловьеву. Он выходил за пределы космических кораблей и станций целых 16 раз и в общей сумме пробыл в звездном пространстве 82 часа 21 минуту.
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Анатолию Соловьеву принадлежит рекорд пребывания в открытом космосе. Источник: cosmosplanet.ru
Ему, как никому другому, известно, каково приходится в открытом космосе. В одном из интервью он рассказал, что там очень тихо. И это даже при том, что сложные по строению скафандры оснащены мощной электроникой, которая издает разные звуки.
Вам будет интересно: Чем пахнет в космосе — астронавты дали подробный ответ
Олег Кононенко — самое долгое время в космосе
Рекордсменов по суммарному времени в космосе за историю космонавтики было много. Например, некоторое время этот рекорд принадлежал космонавту Геннадию Падалке, который пробыл в космосе 878 дней.
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Российский космонавт Олег Кононенко. Источник: yk24.ru
В феврале 2024 года этот рекорд был побит российским космонавтом Олегом Кононенко. Свой первый полет в космос он совершил в 2008 году, будучи членом экипажа космического корабля «Союз ТМА-12». Относительно недавно, 4 февраля в 11:30:08 часов, он побил рекорд длительности пребывания в космосе — всего он провел за пределами Земли более 1000 дней.
Еще больше удивительных статей вы найдете в наших каналах Дзен и Telegram. Также там проводятся интересные викторины!
Как вы уже поняли, отечественные космонавты были первыми во многом и совершили множество подвигов. Но при этом, они ни разу не летали на Луну — подробнее об этом вы можете почитать в нашей статье «Почему космонавты СССР не полетели на Луну?».
