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Головной мозг является самым главным органом любого животного организма. Он состоит из множества различных областей, каждый из которых выполняет свою функцию. Например, кора головного мозга отвечает за мышление, планирование, память и решение проблем. Гиппокамп нужен нам для ориентирования в пространстве, регулирования эмоций и выполнения многих других функций. Мозжечок необходим для координации движений, а также он активно участвует в запоминании информации. Области мозга тесно общаются между собой, а также связаны со всеми другими внутренними органами живых организмов. Человеческий мозг весит примерно 1,4 килограмма и на него приходится примерно 20% энергетических потребностей организма. Если сравнивать с другими органами человека, головной мозг очень большой. А кто является обладателем самого крупного мозга среди всех живых организмов? Сейчас вы узнаете ответ!
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В мире есть животное с огромным мозгом, но это не значит, что оно самое умное на Земле
Самый большой мозг среди животных
Обладателем самого большого головного мозга в истории является кашалот (Physeter macrocephalus). Это крупное морское млекопитающее, которое может вырастать до 20-метровой длины и весить около 40 тонн. Самцы кашалотов всегда почти в два раза крупнее самок, поэтому эти животные лучше всего демонстрируют анатомические отличия между представителями разных полов (половой диморфизм).
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Кашалоты сами по себе являются одними из самых крупных животных на Земле. Источник фотографии: indiatimes.com
Кашалоты являются стайными животными, то есть их редко можно встретить в одиночестве. Иногда группы кашалотов состоят из сотен или даже тысяч особей, которые пребывают в поиске пищи. Эти создания питаются головоногими моллюсками, среди которых есть даже гигантские кальмары, размер тела которых может достигать 18 метров. Иногда, когда на поверхности нет пищи, кашалоты опускаются на глубину до 2 километров, где и находят гигантскую добычу. На такой глубине они могут оставаться примерно 1,5 часа.
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Головной мозг кашалота. Источник фотографии: neuronovosti.ru
У кашалотов самый крупный мозг среди всех животных — у взрослых самцов он весит примерно 9 килограммов. По сравнению с человеческим мозгом он действительно огромный, но если учесть 40-тонную массу тела кашалота, то соотношение массы мозга к массе тела составляет всего лишь 1:5100. То есть, головной мозг внутри тела кашалота это очень маленький орган.
Очень популярная статья на нашем сайте: Почему рвота кашалота стоит миллион долларов и для чего она нужна?
Какой размер мозга у муравьев
Если же говорить про самое большое соотношение массы мозга к размеру тела, то таким обладают муравьи из рода Brachymyrmex. В 2009 году в научном журнале Brain, Behavior and Evolution были опубликованы результаты исследования, показавшие, что их мозг весит в среднем 0,006 миллиграмма. Если учесть, что масса тела насекомых составляет 0,049 миллиграммов, соотношение соотношение массы мозга к массе тела примерно 1: 8. Если говорить другими словами, на мозг этих крошечных муравьев приходится примерно 12% массы тела.
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Муравей из рода Brachymyrmex. Источник изображения: antwiki.org
Разница в соотношении размера мозга к массе тела у кашалотов и муравьев отлично доказывает верность правила Галлера. Она гласит, что чем больше размер тела у живого организма, тем меньше по отношению к туловищу будет его мозг. У морских млекопитающих огромные тела, но мозг является одним из самых крошечных органов в их теле. У муравьев тела маленькие, но головной мозг занимает в этом теле очень много места.
Читайте также: Ученые выяснили почему мозг человека больше, чем у обезьян
Человек с самым большим мозгом
Обладателем самого большого головного мозга считается русский писатель Иван Тургенев, автор знаменитого рассказа «Муму», романа «Отцы и дети», а также многих других известных произведений. После смерти в 1883 году его головной мозг был взвешен и оказалось, что он весит 2,01 килограмма, что примерно на 600 граммов больше, чем средняя масса мозга обычных людей.
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Русский писатель Иван Тургенев. Источник изображения: cultobzor.ru
Хоть Тургенев и обладал очень большим мозгом, далеко не эта особенность сделала его гениальным человеком. Размер мозга почти не влияет на уровень интеллекта людей и животных. В большей степени развитость ума зависит от количества нейронов и связей между ними, генетическую предрасположенность, окружающую среду, правильное питание и многие другие факторы.
Прямо сейчас проверьте, есть ли у вас подписка на наш Дзен-канал. Если нет, самое время это исправить и оставить комментарии под статьями!
Напоследок стоит отметить, что недавно ученые выяснили, что головной мозг человека увеличивается с каждым поколением людей. Исследование показало, что объем головного мозга людей 1970-х годов больше, чем у представителей 1930-х. Есть вероятность, что благодаря увеличению мозга, пожилые люди будущего будут реже страдать от деменции.
