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Архимед — древнегреческий ученый и инженер, с именем которого связано огромное количество легенд. Одна из них гласит, что после изобретения рычага, ему удалось в одиночку сдвинуть с места огромный корабль. Он сильно впечатлил окружавших его людей и объявил, что при наличии точки опоры, он смог бы сдвинуть с места всю Землю. Согласно еще одной легенде, когда римляне атаковали итальянский город Сиракузы, великий ученый использовал систему из множества зеркал и направил на вражеские корабли мощный луч солнечного света. Его энергии, якобы, хватило для уничтожения целой армии. Сегодня это изобретение известно как огненный луч Архимеда, но никто точно не уверен в его существовании. Недавно 12-летний мальчик воссоздал это оружие в миниатюре и опытным путем доказал, что такая система действительно могла быть рабочей.

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Легенда гласит, что Архимед уничтожил римские корабли при помощи системы зеркал

Легенды об Архимеде

Древнегреческий ученый Архимед родился в 287 году до нашей эры и умер в 212 году до нашей эры. Сведения о его жизни, научных открытиях и изобретениях известны из работ Полибия, Цицерона, Плутарха и других исторических личностей. Все они жили спустя многие годы со дня смерти Архимеда, поэтому достоверность их данных оценить очень сложно. Так что многие истории, связанные с именем Архимеда, считаются легендами.

12-летний мальчик воссоздал «луч смерти» Архимеда, и он работает - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Архимед умер в возрасте около 75 лет от ран, нанесенных во время захвата Сиракуз римлянами

Огненный луч Архимеда

О легендарном оружии Архимеда известно из трудов византийского математика и архитектора, Анфимия из Тралл. Согласно историческим данным, в 214—212 годы до нашей эры римская армия взяла в осаду итальянский город Сиракузы, в котором жил Архимед.

Чтобы спасти город, ученый использовал несколько зеркал, чтобы перенаправить солнечный свет на вражеский флот. Если верить легенде, этого луча света хватило для того, чтобы поджечь римские корабли.

12-летний мальчик воссоздал «луч смерти» Архимеда, и он работает - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Примерно так выглядело использование зеркал Архимеда

Вероятность существования огненного луча Архимеда обсуждается учеными с давних времен. Например, в 17 веке французский философ и математик Рене Декарт посчитал эту легенду ложной. Современные группы ученых пытались воссоздать это оружие при помощи зеркал, которыми в свое время мог пользоваться Архимед. Чаще всего они делали вывод, что огненный луч Архимеда был вполне работоспособен при наличии хорошо отполированных отражающих листов.

Читайте также: Антикиферский механизм: компьютер, запущенный в 178 году до нашей эры

Существовало ли оружие Архимеда

Недавно 12-летний Бренден Сенер успешно воссоздал уменьшенную копию оружия Архимеда. Вместо солнца он использовал 50-ваттную лампочку, а вместо кораблей — картонный лист. Когда он концентрировал энергию при помощи вогнутых зеркал на мишени, температура ее поверхности с добавлением каждого зеркала повышалась на 2 градуса Цельсия. При использовании 100-ваттную лампочку, каждое зеркало нагревало картон на 4 градуса.

Исходя из этого, юный исследователь пришел к выводу, что огненный луч Архимеда действительно мог работать и нанести значительный урон римской армии.

12-летний мальчик воссоздал «луч смерти» Архимеда, и он работает - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Миниатюрная версия огненного луча Архимеда

В 1973 году полноразмерный эксперимент провел греческий ученый Иоаннис Саккас. На одной из военно-морских баз Греции он попытался поджечь сделанный из фанеры макет корабля при помощи солнечного луча с расстояния 50 метров. Оказалось, что для этого необходимо 70 листов, покрытых медью. С высокой долей вероятности, древнеримские корабли были покрыты смолой для защиты от воды и коррозии. И она вполне могла облегчить горение.

12-летний мальчик воссоздал «луч смерти» Архимеда, и он работает - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Люди держат огромные зеркала в эксперименте Иоанниса Саккаса в 1973 году

К такому же выводу в 2005 году пришла группа американских студентов. В рамках своего эксперимента, они сконцентрировали солнечный луч на находящемся на расстоянии 30 метров макете корабля при помощи 30-сантиметровых зеркал квадратной формы. К их удивлению, копия плавательного средства действительно вспыхнула огнем.

Однако, в 2006 и 2010 году воссоздать оружие Архимеда пытались авторы программы «Разрушители легенд». Как бы они ни старались, легенда показалась им неправдивой. Они пришли к выводу, что зеркала могли использоваться разве что для отвлечения внимания экипажа кораблей.

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Кадр из передачи «Разрушители легенд»

На нашем Дзен-канале тоже много интересных статей. Например, читайте материал «5 видов древнего оружия: странные, но очень мощные».

Если учесть, что доказать возможность существования огненного оружия Архимеда не удалось только авторам американской передачи, то оно действительно могло существовать. Вообще, в древние времена использовалось много необычного оружия, о котором вы могли даже не слышать. Если вам интересна эта тема, обязательно читайте наш материал «10 примеров оружия древности, которые вас удивят».

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