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Ученые давно научились создавать искусственную кожу для роботов, которая очень напоминает человеческую, например, из силикона или латекса. Можно вспомнить российского робота Robo-C-2 от компании “Промобот”, чья голова действительно очень похожа на человеческую. Однако теперь реалистичность роботов может выйти на новый уровень — они превратятся в настоящих “терминаторов”, которые внешне будут буквально копировать людей. Поможет в этом разработанная учеными “живая кожа” на основе искусственно выращенных живых клеток. Как сообщают исследователи, она даже сможет заживать в случае повреждений, как обычная человеческая кожа.
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Ученые создали кожу для роботов из живых клеток. Источник изображения: dzen.ru
Искусственная кожа для роботов
Существующая искусственная кожа для роботов имеет несколько серьезных недостатков, среди которых ее реалистичность даже не самый главный минус. Например, она может оторваться от корпуса, и провиснуть, что сразу испортит внешний вид бота. Кроме того, она может износиться или повредиться, в результате чего потребуется реставрация. А еще есть определенные нюансы с мимикой лица — искусственная кожа ведет себя не совсем так, как натуральная, например, во время улыбки.
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Робот Robo-C-2 от российской компании «Промобот». Источник фото: mobidevices.com
Новая же разработка, описанная в журнале Cell Reports Physical Science, не имеет таких недостатков. Так как она основана на культивированных живых клетках кожи, выглядит более реалистичной. К слову, выращивание клеток в лабораторных условиях уже давно перестало быть сложность. Подобным образом уже выращивается даже искусственное мясо и даже сало.
Самой же главной особенностью искусственной кожи из живых клеток, как уже было сказано выше, является способность самовосстанавливаться. Благодаря этому, как и человеческая кожа, она не будет изнашиваться, а любые повреждения будут заживать. Правда, исследователи ничего не сообщают о том, как быстро кожа заживает после повреждений.
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Кожа из живых клеток сможет самовосстанавливаться, как человеческая кожа. Источник фото: www.cell.com
Кроме того, авторы разработали надежный способ крепления кожи к металлическому «скелету», который предотвратит провисание кожи, смещение в ходе эксплуатации робота, и т.д. Как сообщается в исследовании, данная технология крепления кожи обеспечивает более естественную мимику.
Надо сказать, что принцип крепления «живой кожи» достаточно простой — для этого скелет робота содержит крошечные отверстия, в которые можно вставлять V-образные крючки, созданные тоже из искусственно выращенных клеток. Они будут удерживать искусственную кожу на роботе, но при этом сохраняет ее эластичность и подвижность.
Кроме того, между каркасом и кожей будет находиться прослойка геля. Она позволит коже скользить по поверхности каркаса в небольших пределах, подобно человеческой коже. Но после каждого механического воздействия, кожа будет принимать первоначальное положение и форму. То есть она будет вести себя так же, как кожа человека на теле.
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Ученые разработали способ как надежно закрепить кожу на металлическом каркасе. Источник фото: www.cell.com
Когда появятся роботы с “живой кожей”
Несмотря на то, что предложенная учеными “живая кожа” имеет ряд преимуществ, перед всеми существовавшими ранее видами искусственной кожи, прежде чем ее использовать на роботах, ученым придется поработать над ее усовершенствованием. В первую очередь, необходимо повысить ее прочность и долговечность. Для этого нужно решить вопросы, связанные с увлажнением и доставкой питательных веществ в клетки.
Исследователи в настоящее время работают над тем, чтобы интегрировать искусственные “кровеносные сосуды” или другие системы, которые будут доставлять питательные вещества. Кроме того, чтобы повысить механическую прочность искусственной кожи до уровня кожи человека, нужно оптимизировать структуры и концентрации коллагена в ней.
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Прежде чем использовать «живую кожу» на роботах, ее необходимо усовершенствовать. Источник фото:www.cell.com
Коллаген — нитевидный белок, который является основой соединительной ткани. На коллаген приходится около трети от всех белков в человеческом организме.
А чтобы кожа была еще и функциональной, как человеческая, она должна обладать способностью передавать сенсорную информацию, например, о температуре, прикосновении и т.д. Ученые предполагают, что дальнейшие работы в этой области не только позволят создать совершенную кожу для роботов, но и расширят возможности косметической и ортопедической хирургии.
Обязательно посетите наши каналы Дзен и Telegram, здесь вас ждут самые интересные новости из мира науки и последние открытия!
Очевидно, если “живую кожу” удастся реализовать, ученым придется решить еще и проблему питания “кибернетического организма”. Возможно, роботов придется “кормить” питательными растворами или смесями, которые будут содержать все необходимое, для поддержания жизни и деления клеток.
