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19.07.2024
14 5 minutes read

Несмотря на то, что кошки занимают первое место в списке самых популярных домашних животных страны, их с давних пор окружает атмосфера таинственности – мифы о том, что у кошек девять жизней и они могут видеть в темноте ходят на протяжении веков. Популярные мемы с котиками с красными глазами, стреляющими лазерами из глаз, ситуацию, увы, не улучшают. При этом кошки действительно отлично ориентируются в темноте, однако, по словам ветеринара Гэри Вайцмана, ночным зрением они не обладают. Природный охотничий инстинкт кошек действительно позволяет им видеть при очень слабом освещении во время ночных приключений, однако в абсолютной темноте эти «ночные» звери на самом деле ничего не видят. Разбираемся, как устроены глаза у самых популярных питомцев в мире и стоит ли оставлять пушистикам свет, уходя из дома.

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Могут ли кошки видеть в полной темноте? Изображение: mediaproxy.snopes.com

Считается, что кошки были впервые одомашнены 4000 лет назад древними египтянами, которые им поклонялись (впрочем, как и многие из нас сегодня)

Содержание

  • 1 Видят ли кошки ночью?
  • 2 Как и что видят кошки в темноте?
    • 2.1 Как видят котята и взрослые кошки?
  • 3 Оставлять ли свет включенным для кошки дома?
  • 4 Как сделать свою кошку счастливой?

Видят ли кошки ночью?

Хотя кошки могут видеть в темноте в шесть раз лучше, чем обычный человек, в интервью изданию National Geographic ветеринар Гэри Вайцман рассказал, что у кошек нет ночного зрения.

Кошачьи глаза имеют уникальное строение, которое эволюционировало для охоты в условиях низкой освещенности. Такое сумеречное зрение означает, что они наиболее активны на рассвете и в сумерках (так же, как мыши, крысы, кролики и многие другие животные). Некоторые кошки наиболее активны ночью, когда им легче всего найти добычу.

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Кошки – сумеречные животные, а значит активны во время заката и на рассвете. Изображение: www.telegraph.co.uk

По сравнению с нашими глазами, в кошачьих меньше колбочек и больше палочек. Колбочки отвечают за восприятие цвета и деталей, а палочки – за обнаружение света и движения. У кошек также более крупная роговица чем у нас и шире зрачки, которые пропускают больше света. Таким образом, кошки видят меньше цветов, чем люди.

Еще больше интересных статей читайте на нашем канале в Яндекс.Дзен – там регулярно выходят статьи, которых нет на сайте!

Широкое поле зрения (200 градусов по сравнению со 180 у людей) обеспечивает кошкам лучшее периферическое зрение, которое позволяет видеть предметы по бокам, выходящие из центрального обзора, то есть места, куда направлен взгляд. В сочетании с большим количеством палочек в глазах кошки могут исключительно хорошо улавливать едва заметные движения.

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Кошки не могут видеть в полной темноте. Изображение: www.purelypetsinsurance.co.uk

За сетчаткой кошачьего глаза (светочувствительной ткани на задней внутренней стенке глаза) находится отражающий слой – тапетум – который работает подобно зеркалу. Свет, отражаясь обратно через сетчатку, позволяет кошачьим глазам запечатлеть больше фотонов – еще одно преимущество для зрения в условиях недостаточного освещения. Тапетум также является причиной того, что глаза вашей кошки «светятся» в темноте или при съемке со вспышкой.

Читайте также: Собаки и кошки могут страдать от аллергии на человека

Как и что видят кошки в темноте?

Мы не можем знать наверняка, как именно выглядит ночное зрение кошек, но можем получить довольно хорошее представление о различных аспектах зрения, обусловленных строением их глаз. Днем кошки видят в цвете, но не так ярко, как мы и в основном в синих и желтых тонах. Ночью кошки видят мир в основном в оттенках серого.

Сумеречное зрение у кошек позволяет им легко обнаруживать небольшие движения и едва заметные изменения освещенности. Движущиеся предметы видны наиболее отчетливо, в то время как объекты на заднем плане, скорее всего, менее четкие и детализированные (что идеально подходит для охоты).

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То, как видят кошки в темноте в представлении художника Николая Ламма, который консультировался с ветеринарными офтальмологами, чтобы создать параллельные изображения различных сцен глазами человека и кошки. Изображение: www.rbc.ru

Глаза кошек адаптированы к условиям низкой освещенности, поэтому они лучше видят при тусклом освещении или в условиях, которые мы бы назвали темнотой. Но при ярком освещении зрение кошек не такое четкое и детализированное, как у нас, потому что их глаза очень чувствительны к свету и движению.

Это интересно: Кошки – лучшее творение эволюции

Как видят котята и взрослые кошки?

Зрение котенка полностью развивается примерно в возрасте пяти недель. С этого момента он может видеть в темноте не хуже взрослой кошки. Существуют некоторые возрастные изменения, которые могут повлиять на зрение пожилых кошек, в том числе на сумеречное зрение, но последствия старения у каждой кошки разные (как и у нас). Так что если вашей кошке больше десяти лет, она, возможно, видит не так хорошо, как раньше.

Оставлять ли свет включенным для кошки дома?

Как владелец кошки, вы имеете все основания беспокоиться о своем пушистом питомце, особенно по ночам и в ваше отсутствие. К счастью, пока ваша кошка не находится в абсолютной темноте – то есть без малейшего проблеска света, включая лунный свет или уличные фонари – она может видеть при слабом освещении лучше, чем ее хозяева.

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К слову, у кошек ночное зрение намного лучше, чем у собак (а у собак ночное зрение лучше, чем у людей). Изображение: images.prismic.io

Это означает, что оставлять ночник включенным для кошки бессмысленно, так как уличные фонари или лунный свет, проникающий через окна, а также свечение электронных часов и светодиодов на бытовой технике всегда будут освещать комнату. Этого света достаточно, чтобы кошка спокойно могла передвигаться по дому. А вот если вы оставите включенным ночник, то рискуете нарушить суточный режим своего питомца, из-за чего кошка будет более активной в ночное время.

Не пропустите: Как видят мир собаки, кошки и другие животные — посмотрите сами на фотографиях

Исследователи отмечают, что днем кошачьи глаза превращаются в щелочки, чтобы пропускать меньше света, а ночью зрачки расширяются до размеров блюдца, чтобы пропускать больше света. Это позволяет кошкам лучше видеть при различных уровнях освещенности в более широком диапазоне, чем нам с вами.

Если вокруг не совсем темно, кошки могут определить своего хозяина при слабом освещении по силуэту. И хотя мелкие детали могут быть нечеткими, будьте уверены – кошки узнают своих хозяев в полумраке. Однако, так как кошки близоруки, они не могут фокусироваться на удаленных объектах так же четко, как люди. Так что освещение, возможно, вообще не является проблемой.

По словам Джона Брэдшоу, эксперта по кошачьему поведению, который беседовал с National Geographic, поведение кошек по отношению к людям «неотличимо» от того, как они вели бы себя по отношению к другим кошкам. Так что, хотя кошки, возможно, и не воспринимают людей как равных себе, эксперты говорят, что они относятся к людям так же, как и к своему виду, – говорит он.

Как сделать свою кошку счастливой?

Кошки нуждаются в визуальной стимуляции для поддержания хорошего качества жизни и остроты ощущений. в дикой природе эти животные получают больше разнообразных визуальных стимуляций, чем домашние кошки, но есть множество способов стимулировать внимание к замечательным глазам вашего питомца: установите специальный подоконник для кошек, в идеале таким образом, чтобы из него было видно кормушку для птиц или другие места, где обитают животные.

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Зрение кошек нуждается в стимуляции. Изображение: /catastic.pet/wp-content/uploads

Чтобы улучшить качество жизни домашней кошки, эксперты рекомендуют предоставить ей высокую обзорную площадку, а играть с питомцем лучше всего в режиме «реального времени»: результаты ранее проведенных исследований показали, что что движущиеся изображения могут быть полезными для кошек.

Это интересно: Как кошки и собаки помогают бороться с депрессией и тревогой?

Выберите что-нибудь подходящее, например, виртуальный аквариум или передачу с птицами, рыбками или мелкими животными (на YouTube есть множество вариантов просмотра видео для кошек). Некоторым кошкам нравятся сенсорные видеоролики для детей ясельного возраста, которые предназначены для визуальной стимуляции.

Источник

19.07.2024
14 5 minutes read
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01.09.2024

Что будет с Россией, если в 2029 году на Землю упадет астероид Апофис — Hi-News.ru»>/**/ article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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01.08.2024

Когда на Земле закончится вся нефть — Hi-News.ru»>/**/ article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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04.06.2024

Из чего делают кофе без кофеина и почему он дорого стоит — Hi-News.ru»>/**/ article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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20.11.2023
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