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28.07.2024
12 4 minutes read

Электричество — опасная штука, которая при прохождении через тело может вызвать шок, стать причиной ожогов и поражения внутренних органов. Опасно не только высокое напряжение, но и низкое, потому что оно может пройти через жизненно важные органы вроде сердца. Никто в здравом уме не будет совать пальцы в розетку и уж тем более лезть на столбы с высоковольтными проводами. Но вы наверняка замечали, что на эти проводах сидят сотни и даже тысячи птиц. Если учесть, что провода на линиях электропередач не имеют изоляции, пернатых должно сразу же поджарить. Но нет — каким-то чудом им удается оставаться в живых.

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Птицы сидят на проводах и их не бьет током — этому есть научное объяснение. Источник: nkj.ru

На самом деле, никакого чуда нет. Многие люди думают, что лапы птиц покрыты кожей, которая защищает их от поражения электрическим током. Но и это тоже неправильное предположение — никаких резиновых перчаток они не носят.

Содержание

  • 1 Что такое электричество
  • 2 Почему птиц не ударяет током
  • 3 Сколько птиц умирает на проводах
  • 4 Почему птицы сидят на проводах
  • 5 Интересные факты про лапы птиц

Что такое электричество

Чтобы понять, почему птицы не сгорают на проводах, нужно вспомнить, что такое электрический ток. Со школьных времен всем нам известно, что это — поток заряженных частиц. В проводах носителями электрического заряда являются электролиты, а в аккумуляторах и батарейках это ионы.

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Электричество — это поток заряженных частиц, который движется от высокого потенциала к низкому. Источник: m24.ru

Чтобы электрический ток шел из одной точки в другую, необходимо чтобы напряжение между ними было разным. Электрический заряд всегда двигается от более высокого потенциала к низкому. Между двумя удаленными точками в электрической линии вроде двух подстанций напряжение может составлять миллионы вольт. Но если человек или животное одновременно возьмется за две точке на коротком отрезке провода, их потенциалы будут одинаковыми и ничего страшного не произойдет.

ВАЖНО: НИКОГДА И НИ ПРИ КАКИХ ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВАХ НЕ ПРОВОДИТЕ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТЫ С ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСТВОМ. ОДНО НЕВЕРНОЕ ДВИЖЕНИЕ ИЛИ НЕБОЛЬШАЯ ОШИБКА МОЖЕТ ПРИВЕСТИ К УЖАСНОЙ СМЕРТИ.

Почему птиц не ударяет током

Сидящих на проводах птиц не ударяет током потому, что расстояние между их лапами составляет всего лишь несколько сантиметров. Такая разница напряжений в точках, где находятся их ноги, недостаточна для создания мощного разряда. Конечно, небольшой ток по телу птиц проходит, но его гасит их тело и пернатые создания этого даже не замечают.

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Птиц не ударяет током благодаря близкому расположению их ног. Источник: kartinki.pics

Птиц может ударить током только когда они случайно дотрагивается до точки с другим потенциалом. Например, большие пернатые вроде орлов и аистов задевают другие провода или опоры линий электропередач, когда расправляют свои большие крылья в стороны. Когда это происходит, электрический ток их моментально поджаривает и они умирают.

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На высоковольтных проводах чаще всего умирают птицы с большим размахом крыльев. Источник: wallbox.ru

Читайте также: На какой максимальной высоте могут летать птицы

Сколько птиц умирает на проводах

Если вы думаете, что от удара током птицы погибают редко, это большая ошибка. Результаты исследования 2014 года показали, что каждый год в США от поражения током погибает до 11,5 миллионов птиц. Крупные птицы, как и было написано выше, подвергаются особенно большому риску.

В рамках другого исследования, которое было проведено в 2016 году, ученые изучили тела 417 пораженных током птиц. Оказалось, что 80% из них — это крупные беркуты и белоголовые орланы.

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Размах крыльев белоголового орлана может достигать 230 сантиметров. Источник: pofoto.club

Нужно подчеркнуть, что это информация только из США. Сколько птиц погибает от тока в России и других странах, неизвестно. Возможно, речь идет о сотнях миллионах особях в год.

Статья в тему: Как отдыхают птицы, когда летят над океанами по несколько недель

Почему птицы сидят на проводах

Если сидеть на линиях электропередач небезопасно, то почему птицы это делают. На самом деле, у них есть сразу несколько причин для восседания на проводах.

В первую очередь, сидя на проводах, они спасаются от хищников. Находясь на большой высоте, они могут осматривать территории на наличие опасных зверей. Также им открывается обзор на потенциальную добычу. Сидя среди густых деревьев они многого не замечают, а вот линии электропередач — это отличные смотровые башни.

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С большой высоты птицы хорошо видят как врагов, так и потенциальную добычу. Источник: bnkirov.ru

Также линии электропередач могут выделять тепло. В холодные дни и тем более зимой птицы могут сидеть на них, чтобы согреться. Впрочем, к такому способу согревания они прибегают редко, потому что хорошие убежища они обустраивают на крышах жилых, хорошо отапливаемых домов.

Также провода сильно облегчают социальное взаимодействие птиц. Сидя на них, они наблюдают друг за другом, и их общению ничего не препятствует. Это еще одна причина того, что птицы сидят на линиях электропередач группами по несколько десятков или даже сотен особей.

Вам будет интересно: Почему курицы не умеют летать как все другие птицы

Интересные факты про лапы птиц

Получается, что на лапах нет никакого покрытия, которое защищает их от электричества. Но о птичьих лапках можно рассказать много других интересных фактов.

Например, знаете ли вы, что форма и строение птичьих лапок зависит от среды обитания? У уток, гусей и других водоплавающих птиц лапы перепончатые и могут служить в качестве весел. А хищные птицы вроде орлов и соколов, обладают мощными лапами с острыми когтями, при помощи которых можно обхватить любую добычу.

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Форма птичьих лап напрямую зависит от места их обитания и образа жизни. Источник: pofoto.club

У многих птиц лапы играют большую роль в регуляции тепла в организме. Так, у фламинго и пингвинов кровеносная система в ногах устроена так, чтобы свести к минимуму потерю тепла. Благодаря этой особенности, они могут выживать в очень холодных условиях.

Обязательно подпишитесь на наш Дзен-канал. Нас уже более 100 тысяч человек!

Попугаи вообще являются уникальными птицами, потому что используют лапы для удержания птицы и использования инструментов. В Австралии они настолько хитры, что воруют еду из мусорных баков.

Источник

28.07.2024
12 4 minutes read
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03.08.2024

Могут ли собаки сочувствовать людям — Hi-News.ru»>/**/ article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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24.07.2024