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Все мы с детства знаем о существовании летучих мышей, потому что они всегда есть в мультфильмах про вампиров и прочую нечисть. Обычно эти крылатые создания не вырастают до больших размеров и питаются насекомыми и фруктами — видов, которые могут пить кровь, очень мало. При этом многие люди даже не подозревают, что в мире есть летучие собаки, которые по строению тела очень напоминают летучих мышей, однако могут достигать размеров человеческого ребенка. Эти пугающие создания, также известные как крыланы, чаще всего встречаются в тропических странах и действительно могут внушить страх своим внешним видом — кажется, если они нападут, никому мало не покажется. Однако, бояться их не нужно, и сейчас мы объясним, почему.

Чем крыланы отличаются от летучих мышей — дело не только в размерах - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Крыланы являются родственниками летучих мышей, но между ними есть множество отличий

Кто такие крыланы

Крыланы относятся к отряду рукокрылых и являются родственниками летучих мышей. Но называть их «большими летучими мышами» в корне неправильно — чаще всего их именуют как летучие лисицы и летучие собаки. Такие название им было дано из-за головы, которая напоминает мордочку представителей семейства псовых.

Чем крыланы отличаются от летучих мышей — дело не только в размерах - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Крыланы действительно напоминают животных из семейства псовых, но кроме внешнего вида головы ничего общего между ними нет

Главное отличие крыланов от летучих мышей заключается в размерах — есть особи, длина тела которых достигает 42 сантиметров, а размах крыльев равен 1,7 метрам. Масса их тела может достигать 900 граммов, что весьма внушительно для таких животных. Они имеют удлиненный череп с большими глазами и, следовательно, в жизни больше всего полагаются на зрение и обоняние.

Чем крыланы отличаются от летучих мышей — дело не только в размерах - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Из-за отсутствия способности к эхолокации, крыланы вынуждены пользоваться только глазами и носом

Читайте также: Летучие мыши-вампиры любят ужинать в компании друзей

В каких странах живут крыланы

Крыланы преимущественно обитают в тропических странах, так что их можно увидеть в Африке, Филиппинах, Южной Японии и нескольких других частях нашей планеты. В России встретить этих пугающих своим видом и размерами созданий невозможно — таких случаев еще никогда не было.

Чем крыланы отличаются от летучих мышей — дело не только в размерах - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Крыланы могут достигать огромных размеров, но для людей они не опасны

Обычно крыланы активны в сумерках и ночью, а днем они отдыхают на деревьях, в пещерах и на карнизах зданий. Они цепляются когтями за удобные места и висят вверх ногами. У них нет постоянного места обитания, потому что им приходится постоянно перемещаться в поисках пищи. В общей сложности, за одну ночь они могут преодолеть воздушным путем расстояние до 100 километров. Есть виды крыланов, которые живут группами по 10 000 особей — увидеть такую «тусовку» ночью вряд ли кто-нибудь захочет.

Чем крыланы отличаются от летучих мышей — дело не только в размерах - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Группа молотоголовых крыланов

Еще одним отличием крыланов от летучих мышей является отсутствие эхолокации. Как и говорилось выше, в жизни они больше всего полагаются на свои глаза и нос. Случаев нападения крыланов на людей не было — живущие в Филиппинах особи вообще боятся чужаков и предпочитают прятаться. Все крыланы питаются только плодами растений. Например, в их рацион питания входят манго, папайя, авокадо, гуава и другие плоды. Примечательно, что обычно они просто высасывают соки с питательными веществами.

Чем крыланы отличаются от летучих мышей — дело не только в размерах - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Крылан в полете

Несмотря на свою безобидность, крыланы могут стать причиной многих проблем. Они очень много едят, поэтому считаются вредителями — они наносят большой ущерб многим плантациям плодовых деревьев. При этом, эти большие создания помогают распространять семена, поэтому бесполезными их назвать невозможно.

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Как выглядят молотоголовые крыланы

Особенного внимания стоят молотоголовые крыланы (Hypsignathus monstrosus). Они обитают на территориях Западной и Центральной Африки, и питаются там инжиром, бананами и манго. У самок молотоголовых крыланов голова мало чем отличается от головы других крыланов. Но у самцов она огромная и имеет квадратную форму — она обусловлена наличием мощного голосового аппарата, который нужен для того, чтобы привлечь самок. В брачный период самцы молотоголовых крыланов собираются в группы по 150 особей и поют — самки выбирают самых голосистых самцов.

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Мордочка молотоголового крылана крупным планом

Чем крыланы отличаются от летучих мышей — дело не только в размерах - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Самка молотоголового крылана с детенышем

По словам орнитолога Джека Брэдбери, самцы молотоголовых крыланов далеко не самые умные животные. Скорее всего, у них на уме только спаривание и поиск еды. Изначально у самцов относительно небольшая голова, она начинает увеличиваться только после год со дня рождения.

Чем крыланы отличаются от летучих мышей — дело не только в размерах - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Самец молотоголового крылана

Еще больше интересных статей вы найдете в нашем Дзен-канале. Нас уже более 100 тысяч человек!

Некоторые крыланы, помимо фруктов, едят маленьких животных. Плотоядные крыланы могут быть опасны для людей только тем, что являются переносчиками вируса Нипах, вспышка которого была зафиксирована в Индии в сентябре 2023 года. Таким же образом для людей представляют опасность обычные летучие мыши — ученые считают, что они могут каждый год заражать сотни тысяч людей.

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