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Самый большой прорыв в области изучения космоса был совершен в 1961 году, когда советский космонавт Юрий Гагарин стал первым человеком, полетевшим в космос. Постоянные читатели нашего сайта прекрасно знают, что его полет длился всего лишь 108 минут, то есть чуть меньше двух часов. За это время космический корабль «Восток-1» поднялся на высоту 327 километров над Землей, и на тот момент это был невообразимый рекорд. Но сегодня полет на такую высоту это обычное дело — расстояние, которое преодолел Гагарин, это примерно как поездка из Москвы до Орла. Сегодня десятки астронавтов и космонавтов благополучно добираются до МКС, которая находится на высоте около 400 километров над Землей, и это уже обыденность. В современном мире люди летают в космос очень часто, поэтому возникает вопрос: на какое максимальное расстояние человечество отдалялось от Земли? Ответ может вас удивить.
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Всего лишь три человека за всю историю человечества оказывались максимально далеко от Земли. Источник: freepik.com
Первый рекорд дальности полета в космос
После легендарного Юрия Гагарина на большое расстояние от Земли в июле 1969 года полете экипаж космического корабля «Аполлон-11». В этот день американские астронавты Нил Армстронг и Базз Олдрин впервые ступили на поверхность Луны, а их коллега Майкл Коллинз поджидал на лунной орбите внутри командного модуля «Колумбия».
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Экипаж космического корабля «Аполлон-11». Источник: wikimedia.org
В рамках первого полета на Луну команда «Аполлона-11» отдалилась от Земли почти на 400 тысяч километров. Это очень большое расстояние, и для осознания этого нужны яркие примеры. Так, если учесть, что экваториальная окружность Земли составляет примерно 40 тысяч километров, то полет до Луны это как десять кругосветных путешествий по экватору.
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Фотография первых людей на Луне. Источник: mk.ru
Или вот другой пример: если Международная космическая станция находится на высоте 400 километров над Землей, значит, полет на Луну — это как тысяча полетов до МКС.
Не только Юрий Гагарин: отечественные космонавты, совершившие подвиги в космосе
Самый далекий полет людей в космос
Результаты миссии «Аполлон-11» впечатляют, но людям доводилось бывать и на более дальних расстояниях. Например, в апреле 1970 года экипаж космического корабля «Аполлон-13» пролетел над обратной стороной Луны и тем самым оказались на расстоянии 400 171 километра от Земли. Экипаж корабля состоял из трех американских астронавтов: Джеймса Ловелла, Джона Суайгерта и Фреда Хейза.
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Участники космической миссии. Источник: wikipedia.org
Примечательно, что в рамках миссии «Аполлон-13» астронавты должны были в очередной раз сесть на поверхность Луны. Но через два дня после старта произошла серьезная авария, которая повредила служебный модуль и привела к утрате систем жизнеобеспечения членов экипажа. Чтобы спастись, астронавтам пришлось совершить облет Луны — рекорд был поставлен совершенно случайно.
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Про миссию «Аполлон-13» был снят отличный одноименный фильм с Томом Хэнксом. Источник: space.com
В конечном итоге получается, что человечество улетало от Земли максимум на расстояние 400 171 километра. Возможно, в будущем этот рекорд будет побит — например, чтобы долететь до Марса, космическим путешественникам придется преодолеть от 55 до 401 миллиона километров.
Статья в тему: Самые удивительные рекорды, поставленные людьми в космосе
На каком расстоянии находятся зонды «Вояджер»
С дальними полетами людей в космос мы разобрались, а что насчет спутников? Благодаря тому, что внутри этих аппаратов нет людей, которые нуждаются в кислороде, еде и так далее, они могут улетать на немыслимое расстояние от Земли.
Рекордсменом в этом плане является космической зонд «Вояджер-1». Он был запущен в космическое пространство в 1977 году и до сих пор бороздит просторы Вселенной. По состоянию на 2024 год, он находится на расстоянии около 24,4 миллиардов километров от земного шара. Пределы Солнечной системы он покинул в 2012 году и сейчас находится в межзвездном пространстве.
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Космический зонд «Вояджер-1». Источник: habr.com
Также у него есть брат-близнец «Вояджер-2», который был запущен спустя пару недель. Из-за отсталого запуска, он еще не успел отлететь на рекордное расстояние, но все равно находится очень далеко от нас — между нами находится примерно 20,2 миллиарда километров.
Внутри «Вояджера» находится золотая пластинка с информацией о жителях Земли. Руководители проекта сохранили на ней приветствия на 59 языках мира, различную музыку, голоса людей, звуки природы и даже координаты Солнца. Также на пластинке есть сотня изображений, часть из которых вы можете посмотреть по этой ссылке.
Если вы все еще не подписаны на наш Дзен-канал, самое время это исправить. Нас уже более 100 тысяч человек!
Есть надежда на то, что когда-нибудь инопланетный разум найдет эти записи и выйдет с нами на связь. Однако многие ученые считают, что лучше бы этого не происходило — не факт, что инопланетяне будут дружелюбными. Об опасности пришельцев недавно предупредил даже искусственный интеллект.
