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Геотермальными, или горячими источниками называется вышедшие на поверхность нагретые подземные воды. Это понятие объединяет в себя абсолютно разные по составу и температуре источники. В некоторых из них температура несколько выше среднегодовой температуры в данной местности, а другие в полной мере оправдывают свое название. Как правило, геотермальные источники встречаются в районах активного вулканизма, но не только. Иногда они их можно встретить в местности, где нет никакой вулканической активности. Но насколько они вообще опасны, и может ли человек свариться заживо, если попадет в такой источник?

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Горячие источники различаются по температуре, составу воды и другим параметрам. Источник фото: rybolovmaster.ru

Как образуются горячие источники

В большинстве случаев горячие источники подогреваются действительно магматическими интрузиями в районах активного вулканизма. Проще говоря, раскаленная магма вулканов нагревает грунтовые воды, которые впоследствии выходят на поверхность.

Иногда причиной нагрева воды является конвективная циркуляция — грунтовые воды просачиваются вниз на глубину более километра, где породы имеют высокую температуру. После нагрева теплая вода поднимается на поверхность.

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Горячие источники могут представлять собой гейзеры, как на Камчатке. Источник фото: beringiapark.ru

Надо сказать, что источники различаются не только способом нагрева, но и по своему типу. Например, в районах активного вулканизма они чаще всего представляют собой гейзеры и струи пара. Горячие воды вырываются на поверхность из глубин, где нагреваются до температуры +150-200 градусов. Подобные источники встречаются на Камчатке, в США (Большие Гейзеры), в Новой Зеландии, в Италии, Исландии и многих других частях света.

Также горячие источники могут иметь вид традиционных ручьев и прудов с теплой или горячей водой. Например, они есть в разных регионах России — в Ставропольском крае, в Бурятии, на Камчатке и т.д. Также такими источниками славится Йеллоустоунский парк в США.

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Почти всегда горячие источники встречаются в горной местности. Источник фото: kp.ru

В подавляющем большинстве случаем горячие источники встречаются в горной местности. Наличие таких источников в равнинной местности считается феноменом. Примером являются горячие источники в западной Сибири, в западной части Тюменской области.

Какой состав воды горячих источников

Состав воды в горячих источниках также сильно различается. Они могут быть пресными и солоноватыми, кальциевыми, натриевыми, азотными, углекислыми, сероводородными, азотно-метановыми, метановыми и т.д. Например, на Курильских островах грунтовые воды смешиваются с газами и приобретают характер кислот, которые растворяют в себе различные горные породы. Эта кислотная смесь выносится в море.

Что такое горячие источники и можно ли в них свариться заживо? - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Геотермальные источники иногда представляют собой «кипящие ванны» с кислотой. Источник фото: morozov-dom.ru

На территории России встречается множество геотермальных вод, богатых минералами. Например, источники в Кавказских Минеральных Водах содержат углекислые воды. Источники Кульдур богаты кремнекислотой. Подобные источники издревле использовались людьми для лечения. Существует даже раздел медицины, именуемый бальнеологией, основанный на терапии минеральными водами из горячих источников.

Что такое горячие источники и можно ли в них свариться заживо? - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Некоторые горячие источники смертельно опасны. Источник фото: iflscience.com

Может ли человек свариться заживо в горячем источнике

Как уже было сказано выше, температура в горячих источниках тоже может быть разной. Условно они делятся на три типа: теплые с температурой от +20 до +37 градусов, горячие с температурой до +50 градусов и очень горячие, в которых температура достигает 100 градусов. В последних может погибнуть любой человек или любое другое живое существо, которое в них попадет.

Некоторые очень горячие источники опасны не только высокой температурой, но и составом воды. Примером являются источники в Йеллоустонском парке, которые уже неоднократно становились причиной гибели людей. Именно из-за этого некоторые районы национального парка закрыты для посещения, то есть, чтоб люди случайно не угодили в такой “чан” с кипящей кислотой.

Что такое горячие источники и можно ли в них свариться заживо? - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Горячие источники в Йеллоустоунском парке регулярно становятся причиной гибели людей. Источник фото: publicdomainpictures.net

Тем не менее, периодически в прессе появляются сообщения о несчастном случае. Например, показательный случай произошел в 2016 году, когда в одном из таких источников погиб 23-летний парень. Он вместе со своей сестрой сошел с главной набережной возле гейзера Порк-Чоп в поисках места, чтобы искупаться. Источник, который они нашли, был явно не лучшим решением для водных процедур. Парень наклонился к нему, чтобы проверить воду, и случайно в него упал.

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Мужчина сразу же погиб, так как температура воды в источнике составляла 92 градуса по цельсию. Спасателям по разным причинам не удалось достать его тело из источника, а спустя всего сутки оно просто растворилось в кислоте. Поэтому горячие источники могут быть как полезными для здоровья, подобно курортам на Кавказе, так и смертельно опасными, в которых человек может погибнуть практически моментально. Напоследок отметим, что горячие источники, похоже, есть не только на Земле, но и на планете Сатурн, о чем мы не так давно рассказывали.

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