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Кальмары — это морские животные из класса головоногих моллюсков. Сегодня науке известно о существовании примерно 210 видов кальмаров, размер которых может составлять от пары сантиметров до нескольких метров. Многие виды способны менять оттенок своего тела для защиты от хищников или общения с сородичами. Также они обладают ловкими щупальцами, при помощи которых удобно ловить добычу. Будучи хищниками, они едят мелких рыб, креветок и других небольших жителей океанов. Среди кальмаров есть гиганты, которые поражают своими размерами, и живут на экстремальной глубине. Например, большеперых кальмаров ученые видели только несколько раз, при помощи глубоководных камер. Несмотря на скудность данных, нам есть о чем рассказать.

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На фотографиях и видео большеперые кальмары похожи на инопланетных созданий

Содержание

  • 1 Кто такие большеперые кальмары
  • 2 Кто живет в глубинах океанов
  • 3 Как выглядят гигантские кальмары
  • 4 Видео с гигантскими кальмарами

Кто такие большеперые кальмары

Большеперые кальмары принадлежат к роду Magnapinna, что в переводе с латинского означает «большой плавник». На сегодняшний день науке известно о существовании только трех видов: Magnapinna atlantica, Magnapinna pacifica и Magnapinna talismani. Не исключено, что где-то в глубинах океанов плавают представители других видов, но исследователи их еще не открыли.

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Науке известно только о трех видах большеперых кальмаров

Кто живет в глубинах океанов

Увидеть большеперых кальмаров очень сложно. Они живут во всем мировом океане, но исключительно на глубине более 5 000 метров — эта часть океана называется ультраабиссаль. Из-за невозможности долгого наблюдения, ученые не могут точно сказать, какой образ жизни они ведут. Невозможно с уверенностью рассказать ни об их питании, ни о способах размножения, и об инструментах защиты от естественных врагов. Ученые даже не знают, есть ли вообще у глубоководных кальмаров какие-нибудь соперники.

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Безо всяких преувеличений, большеперые кальмары — одни из самых загадочных животных в мире

На глубинах океанов более 6000 метров царит абсолютная темнота, потому что солнечный свет туда не проникает. Также там очень высокое давление, которое создается немыслимыми объемами воды. Температура воды на большой глубине обычно очень низкая, и составляет примерно 1-4 градусов Цельсия.

Читайте также: Ни в одном океанариуме нет гигантских кальмаров — вот три главные причины

Как выглядят гигантские кальмары

К счастью, ученым хотя бы известно, как выглядят большеперые кальмары. Необычное название они получили из-за больших плавников, которые находятся на их голове и помогают им плавать. Также у них имеются длинные щупальца, свисающие вниз на несколько метров. Используют ли большеперые кальмары их для охоты, ученые не знают — кажется, что это невозможно, но может быть всякое.

Большеперый кальмар — загадочное существо, которое видели только несколько раз - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Чтобы снять огромного кальмара на камеру, необходимо искусственное освещение

Самый длинный кальмар из рода большеперых достигал 6,4-метровой длины. При этом, большая часть из этой длины принадлежала щупальцам — они имели длину в 6,1 метров. Получается, что живущие в глубинах океанов кальмары длиннее большинства легковых автомобилей.

Это должны знать все: Почему на Земле никогда не было и не будет гигантских людей

Видео с гигантскими кальмарами

На протяжении многих тысяч лет люди даже не подозревали о существовании настолько больших кальмаров. Впервые слухи об этом пошли в 1883 году, когда на берег одного из островов Португалии выбросило мертвую особь. Однако, в те времена ученые не смогли понять, что это такое — тело находилось в очень плохом состоянии.

Официально большеперые кальмары были описаны только в 1998 году, когда ученые в очередной раз наткнулись на двух мертвых особей. Одно тело плавало в водах Тихого океана, а второе обнаружилось внутри хищной рыбы (кажется, у кальмаров все же есть враги).

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Кадр из видео с большеперым кальмаром

Впервые ученые смогли снять огромных кальмаров на камеру только в 1988 году, но сначала они не поняли, что именно попало в кадр. Всего за пару десятилетий им удалось снять только около 20 роликов, и все они плохого качества — для съемки всегда используется оборудование глубоководной техники.

Самое впечатляющее видео с большеперым кальмаром было снято в 2007 году. Тогда, в глубинах Мексиканского залива, ученым удалось запечатлеть живую особь, свободно плавающую в воде. Из-за тусклого освещения, зеленого оттенка, а также прерывистой съемке, видео выглядит пугающе. Ощущение, что ученым удалось снять на видео инопланетное существо. Но нет — эти создания живут на Земле.

Большеперый кальмар — загадочное существо, которое видели только несколько раз - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Видео с большеперым кальмаром, снятое в 2007 году

Обязательно подпишитесь на наши каналы в Дзен и Telegram. Так вы не пропустите ничего интересного!

Важно отметить, что большеперые кальмары не являются самыми большими. В глубинах океанов обитают представители видов, которые способны вырастать до длины нескольких автомобилей. Фотографии и даже видео с ними мы показали в статье «Самые большие кальмары в мире достигают 14-метровой длины». Из этого же материала вы узнаете, почему глубоководные животные часто становятся такими большими.

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