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Солнечные затмения происходят 2–3 раза в год, и каждый раз становятся одними из самых интересных событий для любителей астрономии. Сегодня мы прекрасно понимаем, из-за чего небесное светило на короткое время исчезает: Луна движется по орбите между Солнцем и Землей, и ее тень падает на поверхность нашей планеты. Но тысячи лет назад наука не была настолько хорошо развита, поэтому люди не могли объяснить это явление ничем иным, как проделками богов. Некоторые народы считали, что Солнце перестает светить из-за божественного гнева, и пытались задобрить его жертвоприношениями. В других цивилизациях люди были уверены, что Солнце съедается огромным чудовищем, и чтобы спугнуть его, они громко били в барабан. Это далеко не всё самое интересное, что можно рассказать об отношении древних народов к солнечным затмениям.

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Древние цивилизации считали, что солнечные затмения являются посланиями богов

Содержание

  • 1 Солнечные затмения в древние времена
  • 2 Древние легенды о солнечных затмениях
    • 2.1 Солнечные затмения в Древнем Китае
    • 2.2 Солнечные затмения у инков и майя
    • 2.3 Скандинавская легенда о солнечном затмении
    • 2.4 Затмения Солнца в Древнем Египте
    • 2.5 Солнечные затмения в индуизме
  • 3 Изучение солнечных и лунных затмений

Солнечные затмения в древние времена

О том, как древние люди воспринимали солнечные затмения, рассказали авторы издания Smithsonian Magazine. Они привели в пример слова астронома Брэдли Шефера, который объяснил, что астрономические явления трактовались людьми как знамения богов.

Тысячи лет назад люди не знали, что Земля имеет круглую форму, Луна является земным спутником, а Солнце — звездой. Представьте себе, вы фермер, и небо внезапно становится темным. Вы смогли бы считать это только проделками богов, — объяснил ученый.

Древние легенды о солнечных затмениях

Многие древние народы искренне верили, что Солнце и Луна — это боги. Если небесное светило внезапно исчезало среди бела дня, это сразу же воспринималось как плохой знак. Из-за регулярных солнечных затмений возникали пугающие мифы и легенды.

Что древние цивилизации думали о солнечных затмениях — самые интересные варианты - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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О солнечных затмениях придумано много мифов и легенд

Солнечные затмения в Древнем Китае

Например, в Древнем Китае считалось, что во время затмения Солнце поглощается гигантским драконом. Чтобы спугнуть огромное чудовище, люди громко били в барабаны. Спустя несколько минут Солнце возвращалось, и жители Китая были уверены, что это произошло благодаря их ритуалу.

Что древние цивилизации думали о солнечных затмениях — самые интересные варианты - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Жители Древнего Китая считали, что во время затмения Солнце поглощается огромным драконом

Солнечные затмения у инков и майя

На территории Южной Америки тысячи лет назад жили такие народы, как инки, майя, ацтеки и так далее. Исчезновение Солнца инки считали гневом бога Инти, поэтому пытались задобрить его при помощи жертвоприношений. Жрецы принимали решение, какую жертву принести, чтобы светило снова вернулось. Иногда выбор падал на людей, и народ совершал кровавые ритуалы.

Что древние цивилизации думали о солнечных затмениях — самые интересные варианты - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Инки связывали солнечные затмения с проделками бога Инти

Читайте также: Как древние племена майя предсказывали солнечные затмения — ответ проще, чем вам кажется

Скандинавская легенда о солнечном затмении

Скандинавские викинги считали, что светило исчезает из-за того, что его пытаются съесть огромные волки Сколль и Хати. Они являются сыновьями еще большего волка Фенрира, который должен догнать и съесть Солнце во время великой битвы между богами и их противниками. Конечно, скандинавские мифы звучат гораздо сложнее, и это очень краткое изложение того, что написано в «Старшей Эдде».

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Викинги считали, что во время затмений на небе происходит эпическая битва

Затмения Солнца в Древнем Египте

В Древнем Египте люди верили, что каждую ночь солнечный бог Ра сражается со змеем Апопом, который хочет проглотить Солнце и погрузить мир во тьму. Солнечные затмения египтяне считали временной победой чудовища. Об этой легенде известно благодаря рисункам на стенах древнеегипетских храмов.

Что древние цивилизации думали о солнечных затмениях — самые интересные варианты - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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В Древнем Египте люди тоже верили, что на небе происходит битва

Обязательно к прочтению: Подборка научных фотографий, которые удивят каждого

Солнечные затмения в индуизме

В древние времена жители Индии считали, что Солнце пропадает во рту демона Раху. В индуистском искусстве он изображается как дракон, не имеющий тела, который идет на колеснице с восемью черными конями.

Что древние цивилизации думали о солнечных затмениях — самые интересные варианты - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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В Индии затмения связывали с демоном Раху

Это должны знать все: Кем был самый первый ученый в истории человечества

Изучение солнечных и лунных затмений

Безусловно, на протяжении всей истории человечества люди видели тысячи солнечных затмений. Но до изобретения письменности они не могли оставить о них никаких записей.

Что древние цивилизации думали о солнечных затмениях — самые интересные варианты - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Со временем человечество узнало истинную причину солнечных затмений

Впрочем, в американском штате Нью-Мексико есть каньон Чако с резьбой в форме круга. Ученые склонны полагать, что древние люди таким образом изобразили затмение, которое увидели в 1097 году. Также жители этого места видели затмения в последующие годы. Примерно в то же время они переселились в другие места — возможно, они побоялись гнева богов и убежали.

Это [солнечное затмение] могло быть таким событием, которое заставляет вас сказать: «Хорошо, это плохое место, нам нужно переехать», — объяснил астроном Тайлер Нордгрен.

Первое научное объяснение солнечным затмениям было дано только в V веке до нашей эры древнегреческим философом Анаксагором. Он стал первым человеком, который догадался, что солнечные и лунные затмения каким-то образом связаны с тенями. Также существует версия, что природу солнечных затмений первым объяснил древнегреческий математик Фалес Милетский.

А вы знаете, что у нас есть чат в Telegram? Зайдите и посмотрите, что там происходит!

Солнечные и лунные затмения сегодня хорошо изучены, но ученые все равно раскрывают новые подробности. Например, недавно нам стало известно, почему во время солнечного затмения на небе рассеиваются облака. Читайте обязательно для расширения кругозора!

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