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02.09.2024
3 3 minutes read

Может ли самолет при взлете задеть хвостом взлетно-посадочную полосу? Конечно может, и подобные инциденты за историю авиации случались неоднократно. Им даже дали специальное название — “тейлстрайк”, что в переводе с английского означает “удар хвостом”. Например, тейлстрайк произошел во время самой трагической авиакатастрофы в истории, когда столкнулись два самолета Boeing 747 в аэропорту Лос-Родеос в 1977 году. Самолет цепляет хвостом землю, когда пилот слишком круто поднимает самолет в воздух, что называется большим углом атаки. Другими словами, основной причиной тейлстрайков называют ошибку пилотирования. Однако остается загадкой, почему одни самолеты гораздо чаще задевают хвостом землю, чем другие.

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Касание самолетом взлетно-посадочной полосы называется тейлстрайком. Источник фото: dzen.ru

Содержание

  • 1 Какие самолеты чаще всего задевают хвостом взлетно-посадочную полосу
  • 2 Что произойдет с самолетом при тейлстрайке
  • 3 Как самолеты защищены от тейлстрайков
  • 4 Самая трагическая авиакатастрофа в истории

Какие самолеты чаще всего задевают хвостом взлетно-посадочную полосу

Тейлстрайки характерны для крупных авиалайнеров. Причем, чем длиннее самолет, тем выше у него риск зацепить хвостом ВПП. Например, длина самолета Boeing 737-100 составляла немногим более 28 метров. Длина более современной модели Boeing 737-900 превышает 42 метра.

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Чаще всего хвостом цепляют ВПП пассажирские авиалайнеры. Источник фото: dzen.ru

Увеличение длины самолетов позволило вмещать в салон самолета больше пассажиров, но вместе с тем значительно снизились углы взлета и посадки. Поэтому при взлете самолета Boeing 737-900, зазор между хвостом и ВПП в 30-50 сантиметров считается нормой. Только представьте себе, насколько точной должна быть работа пилотов. Малейшие ошибки могут привести к тейлстрайку.

Что произойдет с самолетом при тейлстрайке

Пилоты самолета иногда могут даже не знать о том что машина коснулась хвостом земли. Однако в этом случае об инциденте сообщают бортпроводники, которые в момент взлета находятся в хвостовой части салона. Пилоты при этом обязаны сразу предпринять меры — прекратить набор высоты и вернуться в аэропорт вылета.

Также пилоты могут разгерметизировать самолет, что позволяет уменьшить нагрузку на фюзеляж. Снижение высоты для захода на посадку в таком случае осуществляется со скоростью не более 5 метров в секунду. Это позволяет избежать резких перепадов давления, и тем самым не создавать излишнего дискомфорта для пассажиров.

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Тейлстрайк может привести к серьезным повреждениям самолета. Источник фото: novate.ru

Как вы наверняка поняли, тейлстрайк при взлете не является опасным инцидентом, который обязательно приводит к авиакатастрофе, однако продолжать полет после него нельзя. Прежде чем снова эксплуатировать самолет, он должен пройти тщательную диагностику. Если выясняется, что повреждена гермокабина, самолету требуется ремонт. Согласно данным одной из авиакомпаний, стоимость каждого касания обходится в 12 миллионов долларов.

Надо сказать, что гораздо более опасными могут быть долгосрочные последствия тейлстрайка. Если фюзеляж был плохо осмотрен или некачественно отремонтирован, это может привести к полному разрушению самолета. Причем авиакатастрофа может произойти даже спустя много лет после инцидента с касанием хвоста.

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Наиболее разрушительные тейлстрайки происходят при посадке. Источник фото: dzen.ru

Еще более опасным является тейлстрайк при посадке. Он приводит к гораздо более разрушительным последствиям. Как правило, в этом случае самолету всегда требуется дорогостоящий ремонт.

Как самолеты защищены от тейлстрайков

Касание хвостом самолета земли нельзя назвать частым инцидентом. Согласно статистике Boeing, на 1 миллион завершенных рейсов происходит не более 40 тейлстрайков. Тем не менее авиаконструкторы предприняли определенные меры, чтобы защитить самолеты от повреждений.

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Самолет Конкорд имел специальные колеса в хвостовой части. Источник фото: ixbt.com

Например, сверхзвуковой пассажирский авиалайнер Конкорд имел специальное хвостовые колеса. Благодаря им, с самолетом ничего не происходило когда он слегка касался взлетно-посадочной полосы. Также многие самолеты имеют механические амортизаторы и другие средства защиты. Например, российские самолеты Sukhoi Superjet 100 оснащены алгоритмической защитой от касания хвостом ВПП, то есть тейлстрайк на этом самолете просто невозможен.

Что произойдет с самолетом, если он зацепит хвостом землю при взлете - Hi-News.ru">/**/ article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Элемент защиты самолета от последствий тейлстрайка. Источник фото: ixbt.com

К сожалению, все конструктивные решения вроде колес и амортизаторов защищают самолет при легких касаниях, которые возникают в момент взлета. Как уже было сказано выше, тейлстрайки при посадке более разрушительные. Из-за сильного удара, фюзеляж в любом случае получает повреждение.

Самая трагическая авиакатастрофа в истории

Авиакатастрофа в аэропорту Лос-Родеос, произошедшая 27 марта 1977 года, считается самой трагической в истории авиации, так как стала причиной гибели 583 человек. Такое большое количество жертв связано с тем, что столкнулись два самолета Boeing 747, заполненных пассажирами.

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Авиакатастрофа в аэропорту Лос-Родеос считается самой трагической за всю историю авиации. Источник фото: somanyhorses.ru

В авиакатастрофе участвовали самолеты авиакомпаний KLM и Pan American. Из-за проблем с коммуникацией и плохой видимости оба самолета оказались на одной взлетно-посадочной полосе и двигались в направлении друг друга. Пилоты самолета KLM, увидев что на встречу к ним приближается другой лайнер, резко задрали нос в попытке уйти от столкновения. Однако это привело к сильному удару хвостом о ВПП, кроме того, из-за возросшего сопротивления ветра, скорость самолета снизилась. В результате взлететь не получилось и произошло столкновение.

Обязательно посетите наши каналы Дзен и Telegram, здесь вас ждут самые интересные новости из мира науки и последние открытия!

Сам по себе тейлстрайк не был причиной авиакатастрофы. Но, возможно, пилотам удалось бы совершить взлет и избежать столкновения, если бы они резко не задрали нос Боинга. В других случаях тейлстрайки заканчивались без пострадавших.

Источник

02.09.2024
3 3 minutes read
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