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Некоторые открытия и изобретения стоили своим создателям не только времени, но и жизни. Увы, но стремление к прогрессу нередко представляет собой опасное и трагичное путешествие – цена гениальности и инноваций высока, а последствия непредвиденны. История науки полна примеров героических личностей, которые рисковали своими жизнями ради исследований и блага человечества. Такие ученые и изобретатели как Мари Кюри, Карл Шелле, Марк Фарадей и другие, изменили мир и сделали его лучше. Рассказываем их удивительные истории.

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Многие выдающиеся ученые и изобретатели трагически погибли в процессе исследований. Изображение: curator135.com

Содержание

  • 1 Плащ-парашют Франца Райхельта
  • 2 Гибридный воздушный шар Жана-Франсуа Пилатра де Розье
  • 3 Полоний и радий Мари Кюри
  • 4 Химические элементы Карла Шееле
  • 5 Переливание крови – Александр Богданов
  • 6 Ротационная печатная машина Уильяма Баллока
  • 7 Беспилотная бочка Карела Соучек
  • 8 Летающий автомобиль Генри Смолински
  • 9 Отравление хлором – Майкл Фарадей
  • 10 «Титаник» Томаса Эндрюса
  • 11 Ядерные испытания Валентины Чернышевой
  • 12 «Титан» Раша Стоктона

Плащ-парашют Франца Райхельта

Австрийский портной и изобретатель Франц Карл Райхельт родился в 1878 году и жил во Франции. Всю свою жизнь он был очарован мечтой о полете. Поскольку в начале двадцатого века авиация находилась в зачаточном состоянии, Райхельт попытался создать инновационный парашютный костюм, который позволил бы пилотам безопасно приземляться в случае чрезвычайной ситуации.

Преисполненный решимости доказать жизнеспособность своего изобретения – портативного парашютного костюма из ткани и жестких материалов, который можно было бы использовать в воздухе, – Райхельт решил опробовать его сам (после нескольких удачных экспериментов с манекенами).

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Франц Карл Райхельт — австрийский портной, изобретатель «плаща-парашюта». Изображение: i.ytimg.com

Увы, но 4 февраля 1912 года испытание стало фатальным для гениального портного. Поднявшись на первый этаж Эйфелевой башни, полный решимости воочию испытать свой плащ-парашют, Райхельт упал с высоты 57 метров: парашютный костюм не раскрылся должным образом, убив своего 33-летнего создателя. Его попытка создать парашют оказалась трагической, но она внесла вклад в дальнейшие исследования безопасности полетов.

Это интересно: Boeing успешно испытала парашюты космического корабля Starliner

Гибридный воздушный шар Жана-Франсуа Пилатра де Розье

Французский физик и химик Жан-Франсуа Пилатр де Розье был одним из первых пионеров авиации. Ученый разработал гибридный воздушный шар, в котором сочетались горячий воздух и водород, на котором намеревался пересечь Ла-Манш.

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Жан-Франсуа Пилатр де Розье (30 марта 1754 — 15 июня 1785) — французский физик, химик, один из пионеров авиации. Изображение: i.ebayimg.com

Увы, но в намеченную дату, 15 июня 1785 года, в воздушном шаре загорелся водород. Гибридный воздушный шар упал на Землю и разбился со своим создателем на борту. Этот трагический случай стал первым зарегистрированным смертельным исходом в истории авиации, подчеркнув опасность подобных экспериментов или проектов. Розье скончался, когда ему был всего 31 год.

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Полоний и радий Мари Кюри

Мари Кюри — одна из самых известных женщин-ученых в истории. Вместе с мужем Пьером Кюри она открыла полоний и радий – элементы, которые произвели революцию в науке. Правда, об опасности радиации, с которой работали супруги тогда никто не знал. Мари и Пьер проводили долгие часы, изучая радиоактивные вещества без каких-либо средств защиты.

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Мария Склодовская-Кюри– польская и французская ученая-экспериментатор. Изображение: i.natgeofe.com

Со временем, постоянное воздействие радиации привело к ухудшению здоровья Мари: она страдала от анемии и других заболеваний, вызванных облучением, и умерла в 1934 году. Несмотря на трагическую смерть, ее открытия в области радиоактивности внесли неоценимый вклад в науку и медицину, включая развитие методов лечения рака.

Химические элементы Карла Шееле

В XVIII веке шведский химик Карл Шееле открыл несколько важных химических элементов, включая кислород, барий, хлор и марганец. Однако его жизнь была омрачена опасными экспериментами с токсичными веществами, такими как мышьяк и синильная кислота. В те времена строгих протоколов безопасности не было и химики часто пробовали вещества на вкус или вдыхали их пары.

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Шееле принадлежат открытия химических элементов кислорода, хлора, фтора, бария, молибдена и вольфрама. Изображение: polzam.ru

Считается, что Шееле умер от отравления ядовитыми веществами, с которыми работал. Несмотря на трагическую судьбу, его вклад в химию неоценим, а многие открытия легли в основу современных химических процессов.

Не пропустите: Тайна главного изобретения Николы Тесла

Переливание крови – Александр Богданов

Александр Богданов был выдающимся российским ученым, философом и революционером, который в начале XX века стал пионером в области исследований переливания крови. Он считал, что переливание крови могло омолодить организм и улучшить здоровье.

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Александр Александрович Богданов — российский ученый-энциклопедист, революционный деятель, врач. Изображение: n1s1.hsmedia.ru

Богданов начал проводить опыты на себе и своих коллегах, однако одна из процедур оказалась фатальной. В 1928 году он получил кровь, зараженную малярией и туберкулезом и погиб. Его экспериментальное исследование переливания крови в итоге повлияло на развитие этой области медицины, хотя в те времена его методы не были безопасными.

Ротационная печатная машина Уильяма Баллока

Американский изобретатель Уильям Баллок внес значительный вклад в полиграфическую промышленность в XIX веке своим революционным ротационным печатным станком. Это было настоящее чудо техники: устройство печатало тысячи страниц непрерывно используя рулоны бумаги. Скорость печати была беспрецедентной.

Однако в один из дней, когда Баллок пытался настроить печатный станок, его нога застряла в механизме, что привело – несмотря на оказанную помощь врачей – к возникновению гангрены. Врачи решили ампутировать ему ногу, однако погиб во время операции.

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Уильям Баллок погиб из-за несчастного случая со своей ротационной печатной машиной. Изображение: oldbookillustrations.com

Его смерть подчеркнула потенциальную опасность промышленного оборудования и необходимость принятия мер предосторожности при обращении с ним. Баллок скончался в возрасте 53 лет в 1867 году.

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Беспилотная бочка Карела Соучек

Канадский каскадер Карел Соучек всю свою жизнь жаждал новых впечатлений, а его изобретения обрели популярность во всем мире. Наиболее экстравагантным творением Соучека стала бочка, сконструированная таким образом, чтобы выдержать напор воды Ниагарского водопада.

В 1984 году каскадер провел успешные испытания своей новаторской бочки, «обуздав» Ниагарский водопад – изобретатель вернулся истекающим кровью, но живым.

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Канадский каскадер Карел Соучек погиб во время испытаний своего новаторского изобретения. Изображение: niagaramovie.com

Довольный результатом, он решил установить реконструкцию Ниагарского водопада в Астродоме Хьюстона, чтобы повторить подвиг. К сожалению, бочка ударилась о край резервуара для воды, который находился внизу. От полученных травм Соучек скончался в возрасте 38 лет.

Больше по теме: Самые ужасные способы умереть с точки зрения науки

Летающий автомобиль Генри Смолински

Генри Смолински был американским инженером, который мечтал о летающих автомобилях. Он был настолько вдохновлен этой идеей, что в 1970-х годах разработал собственный амбициозный проект, направленный на то, чтобы объединить комфорт автомобиля со свободой полета.

Изобретения и открытия, которые убили своих создателей - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Летающий автомобиль потерпел крушение в 1970-х годах. Изображение: www.thedrive.com

Созданный Смолински AVE Mizar, в котором сочетались Ford Pinto и задняя часть самолета Cessna, увы, не прошел испытания. Пилотирующий новаторское авто изобретатель погиб в аварии в результате катастрофической поломки вместе со своим сыном – вторым пилотом.

Отравление хлором – Майкл Фарадей

Майкл Фарадей — один из величайших физиков XIX века, чьи открытия в области электромагнитной индукции и электролиза изменили мир. Однако его исследования были не лишены рисков. Фарадей часто проводил эксперименты с опасными химическими веществами, включая хлор.

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Фарадей сделал немало открытий в области химии. Изображение: www.thoughtco.com

В ходе одного из таких экспериментов физик получил серьезное отравление хлором, что оставило неизгладимый след на его здоровье. Хотя Фарадей не погиб непосредственно из-за этого инцидента, его здоровье было подорвано – в последние годы своей жизни ученый страдал от нейродегенеративных заболеваний.

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«Титаник» Томаса Эндрюса

Томас Эндрюс был главным конструктором легендарного «Титаника» — одного из самых больших и роскошных пассажирских лайнеров своего времени. Изобретатель посвятил свою жизнь созданию корабля, который считался практически непотопляемым.

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Титаник Томаса Эндрюса затонул 14 апреля 1912 года. Изображение: i.ytimg.com

Однако 14 апреля 1912 года «Титаник» столкнулся с айсбергом и начал тонуть. Эндрюс находился на борту корабля во время его последнего рейса и помогал пассажирам эвакуироваться. Он отказался покинуть корабль и остался с «Титаником» до конца. Его смелость и самоотверженность сделали его настоящим героем в глазах многих людей.

Ядерные испытания Валентины Чернышевой

Советский химик и инженер Валентина Чернышева участвовала в исследованиях радиационного воздействия в рамках ядерных испытаний. В 1950-х годах она работала на полигоне в Семипалатинске, где проводились ядерные испытания. Чернышева изучала воздействие радиации на организм и неоднократно подвергалась облучению.

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В 1949 году советские ученые-ядерщики провели первые успешные испытания атомной бомбы на полигоне в Семипалатинске. Изображение: www.atomic-energy.ru

Она умерла от лучевой болезни, вызванной длительным воздействием радиации. Ее работа помогла понять опасность радиации для здоровья человека, но стоила ей жизни.

А вы знаете, какой была самая мощная бомба в мире? Подробности здесь!

«Титан» Раша Стоктона

Последняя история в нашем трагическом списке произошла летом 2023 года, когда американский бизнесмен, создатель подводного аппарата «Титан», который должен был посетить обломки «Титаника» в Атлантике, погиб вместе с четырьмя другими людьми в результате взрыва.

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«Титан» трагически затонул в июне 2023 года. Изображение: cdnn21.img.ria.ru

Основатель компании OceanGate, Раш спроектировал и пилотировал свой подводный аппарат, целью которого было открытие новых рубежей в подводных исследованиях. Стоктону был 61 год. Подробнее об этой трагедии и произошедшем с экипажем мы рассказывали в этой статье, рекомендуем к прочтению.

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