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В декабре 2023 года всех любителей астрономии ждет кое-что интересное — на небе можно будет увидеть очень яркий метеорный поток Геминиды. Вообще, этот звездопад происходит каждый год, но в этом году он будет особенно красивым, потому что небо будет предельно темным. Чтобы увидеть это удивительное явление, не нужно ничего, кроме относительно хорошего зрения. Чтобы увидеть звездопад Геминиды, лучше всего выехать за пределы города, чтобы обзору не мешал исходящий из окон домов и витрин магазинов свет. Также не помешает смартфон с приложением для определения созвездий, потому что для обзора максимального количества звезд необходимо знать, в какую область на небе нужно смотреть. После прочтения нашей статьи вы будете знать о звездопаде Геминиды все самое нужное.
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Геминиды — самое красивое астрономическое явление зимы 2023 года
Содержание
- 1 Почему происходят звездопады
- 2 Что такое звездопад Геминиды
- 3 Как увидеть звездопад Геминиды
- 4 Как найти созвездие Близнецов на небе
Почему происходят звездопады
В атмосферу Земли постоянно попадают объекты из космоса. Каждый из них сразу же сгорает на высоте примерно 80 километров над поверхностью нашей планеты. Чем больше этот объект, и чем быстрее он летит, тем сильнее и заметнее он горит на небе — многие из них можно увидеть даже невооруженным глазом. Все эти горящие объекты принято называть метеорами.
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Метеор — это явление, возникающее при сгорании в атмосфере Земли метеорных тел
При попадании в атмосферу нашей планеты объекты начинают гореть в первую очередь потому, что летят с огромной скоростью. При таком движении воздух перед ними сильно сжимается, вызывая большое трение и нагревание. Этот процесс создает интенсивное тепло, приводя к высокой температуре поверхности объекта. В результате этого теплового нагрева материал объекта начинает испаряться и распадаться, образуя светящуюся полосу.
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Объекты в атмосфере Земли горят из-за нагревания
Земля постоянно вращается вокруг Солнца и поэтому регулярно проходит через облака пыли и мусора, оставленные астероидами и кометами. В такие периоды на небе можно заметить множество сгорающих частиц — это и есть звездопад. Также это явление часто называется метеорным потоком.
Читайте также: Что такое атмосферные реки и чем они опасны для людей
Что такое звездопад Геминиды
Метеорный поток Геминиды наблюдается каждый год в декабре. Дело в том, что в это время планета Земля проходит через огромное облако обломков, который тянется за астероидом (3200) Фаэтон.
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Траектория движения астероида (3200) Фаэтон
Фаэтон является крайне необычным космическим объектом. Он движется по сильно вытянутой орбите — в определенные моменты он чуть ли не вплотную приближается к Солнцу, а в другие улетает дальше Марса. В результате, он проходит через множество периодов замораживания и оттаивания, из-за чего его поверхность рассыпается. Из-за этого в атмосфере нашей планете сгорает очень много метеоров — если находиться в северном полушарии, можно увидеть до 100 «падающих звезд» в час.
Астероид Фаэтон начал вращаться быстрее. Ждем катастрофу?
Как увидеть звездопад Геминиды
В 2023 году больше всего падающих звезд можно будет увидеть 13, 14, и 15 декабря. Обзор будет очень хорошим, потому что активность приходится на новолуние — небо будет темным, и все яркие объекты будут отчетливо видны. Конечно, обзору может помешать пасмурная погода, но в середине декабря во многих частях России погода обещает быть ясной.
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За астрономическими явлениями лучше всего наблюдать в полной темноте
Как найти созвездие Близнецов на небе
Чтобы увидеть больше всего метеоров Гемнид, надо смотреть в сторону созвездия Близнецов. Чтобы найти ее, в первую очередь необходимо обнаружить яркие звезды Кастор или Поллукс, которые являются основными в созвездии. После этого можно заметить, что они представляют собой «головы» двух держащихся за руки близнецов.
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Созвездие близнецов на небе
Проще всего созвездие Близнецов можно найти при помощи приложениях для смартфона. Их существует очень много — лучше просто написать в поиске магазина приложений «карта неба» и выбрать понравившийся вариант. Самыми популярными среди них являются Stellarium Mobile и Star Walk, доступные на всех платформах. Об одном их них мы уже упоминали в статье «Как следить за МКС, находясь на Земле?».
Обязательно подпишитесь на наши каналы в Дзен и Telegram. Так вы не пропустите ничего интересного!
Вообще, в 2023 году у любителей астрономии было много поводов для наблюдения за ночным небом. Например, в апреле тысячи людей смотрели на звездопад Лириды. Теплыми вечерами августа на небе можно было наблюдать падение звезд Персеиды. Ну и, конечно же, в уходящем году было множество северных сияний, которые можно было увидеть даже в Москве, Санкт-Петербурге и Казани. Одна из самых заметных северных сияний произошло в начале декабря.
