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Самая высоко летающая птица в мире это, вероятно, африканский сип. Это хищное создание из рода грифов обитает на территории Африки и может летать на высоте до 11 277 метров над Землей. По крайней мере, однажды птица столкнулась с самолетом именно на такой высоте. В высших слоях атмосферы очень мало кислорода, но по венам африканского хищника течет кровь с особенным видом гемоглобина, благодаря которому потребление кислорода становится более эффективным. Тем, что некоторые птицы летают на большой высоте, вряд ли кого-то можно удивить. А задумывались ли вы о том, на какой максимальной высоте могут летать насекомые? И кто из них является рекордсменом? Сейчас вы все узнаете.
![На какой максимальной высоте летают насекомые - Hi-News.ru">/**/ article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Некоторые виды насекомых летают на высотах, которые многим другим животным и не снились
Поиском ответа на вопрос, какое насекомое летает выше всех, недавно занялись авторы IFL Science. Они решили, что на этот вопрос можно дать сразу два ответа. Во-первых, они могут назвать насекомое, которое действительно удалось поймать на большой высоте. Во-вторых, можно назвать насекомое, способное летать на экстремальных высотах в теории.
Рекорд высоты полета среди насекомых
Согласно Книге рекордов Гиннесса, самым впечатляющим результатом по высоте полета обладает бабочка крапивница (Aglais urticae). Представители этого вида насекомых распространены не только в России, но и во многих других странах мира. Как можно понять из названия, гусеницы этих бабочек питаются крапивой.
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Всем хорошо знакомая бабочка-крапивница. Источник фотографии: wikimedia.org
Каждую осень бабочки крапивницы мигрируют в теплые уголки нашей планеты, чтобы спастись от холода. После зимовки они мигрируют обратно, в места размножения. Миграция бабочек — это всегда очень долгое путешествие на большие расстояния. И, как показывают наблюдения, иногда они могут лететь на очень большой высоте.
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Миграция бабочек — это одно из самых красивых зрелищ в мире. Изображение: scientificrussia.ru
Однажды бабочки крапивницы были замечены пролетающими над ледником Зему, который является самым большим в Восточных Гималаях. Длина этой массы льда составляет 26 километров, она находится у подножия Кангченджанги в Гималайском регионе Сикким (Индия). Замеченные бабочки летели на высоте 5791 метра — более высоко летающих насекомых ученые еще не находили.
Читайте также: Почему 300 миллионов лет назад на Земле жили гигантские насекомые
Как высоко летают насекомые
Если говорить о насекомых, которые могут подняться на рекордную высоту только теоретически, таковыми являются альпийские шмели (Bombus impetuosus). Однажды китайские ученые поймали самцов шмелей на высоте 3250 метров. До рекорда бабочек крапивниц альпийским шмелям далеко, но эксперимент показал, что при желании они могут летать еще выше, чем рекордсмены.
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Кто бы мог подумать, что шмели умеют так высоко летать? Фотография: wikipedia.org
В рамках эксперимента ученые поместили шмелей в камеру из органического стекла. Потом они изменили атмосферное давление в емкости при помощи ручного насоса для того, чтобы посмотреть, как это повлияет на их способность летать. Эксперимент показал, что альпийские шмели в теории могут летать при давлении воздуха, характерном для высоты 9000 метров. То есть, шмели могут долететь до вершины Эвереста, но надо ли им это — уже другой вопрос.
Вам будет интересно: Почему комары кусают вас чаще других?
Насекомое с самыми большими крыльями
Самые высоко летающие насекомые — это хорошо нам знакомые бабочки и шмели. Они поражают своими способностями даже при том, что не имеют больших крыльев и других выдающихся особенностей.
Было бы гораздо логичнее, если выше всех летали насекомые с самыми большими крыльями. В 2014 году, в горах китайской провинции Сычуань, ученым удалось поймать насекомое с размахом крыльев 20 сантиметров. Это почти столько же, сколько длина простого карандаша — для насекомых такой размах крыльев весьма внушителен.
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Насекомое с гигантскими крыльями. Фотография: kp.ru
Оно относится к семейству насекомых коридалидов (Corydalidae) и внешне похоже на стрекозу. Правда, у него есть устрашающие нижние челюсти и клешни. Ученые отметили, что при помощи них самцы запросто могут прокусить человеческую кожу, но в основном используют для привлечения самок. Еще одной интересной особенностью этих насекомых с огромными крыльями является короткая длительность жизни, которая составляет всего лишь несколько дней.
Обязательно загляните в наш Telegram-чат, где мы обсуждаем научные открытия. Вам понравится!
С насекомыми, которые ставят рекорды высоты полета, мы познакомились. А знаете ли вы, какая букашка способна жить 50 лет? О насекомом-долгожителе вы можете почитать в этом материале.
