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Когда мы закрываем глаза или оказываемся в кромешной темноте, внутри наших глаз все равно происходит много различных процессов. Если вы прямо сейчас плотно приложите ладони к глазам, то увидите множество ярких точек, черточек или же более сложных узоров. Они называются фосфенами и, в большинстве случаев, не говорят ни о чем плохом — их видит каждый человек со здоровым зрением. Но иногда эти иллюзии являются признаком серьезных заболеваний глаз и требуют обращения к врачу. Ученые уже давно знают об этом явлении и могут подробно рассказать о причинах их возникновения. Вы уже готовы узнать кое-что новое о нашем организме и расширить свой кругозор?

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Люди видят цветные узоры даже с закрытыми глазами, и это совершенно нормально

Содержание

  • 1 Что такое фосфены
  • 2 Из-за чего появляются фосфены в глазах
  • 3 Опасность вспышек в глазах
  • 4 Что видят слепые люди

Что такое фосфены

О том, почему люди видят свет даже с закрытыми глазами, недавно рассказали авторы научного издания IFL Science. Если говорить предельно простыми словами, фосфены — световые иллюзии, которые возникают перед глазами человека, даже если в поле его зрения нет ни единого источника света.

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Фосфены в представлении художника, вы видели что-нибудь такое?

Некоторые люди видят фосфены как мерцающие точки или вспышки, а другие наблюдают за сложными узорами разных цветов. Обычно фосфены возникают, когда человек закрывает глаза или находится в темном помещении. Также они появляются, если слегка надавить на глазные яблоки, но делать этого ни в коем случае не рекомендуется.

Почему при закрытии глаз человек видит разноцветные узоры - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Иногда фосфены выглядят как вихри перед глазами

Вам будет интересно: Почему во сне у людей двигаются глаза?

Из-за чего появляются фосфены в глазах

Причина возникновения вспышек и узоров в глазах, когда человек находится в темноте, очень проста. По словам специалиста по человеческому зрению Катрины Шмид, человеческие глаза продолжают работать, даже когда мы их закрываем. Вместо того, чтобы выключиться, клетки на задней части наших глаз создают очень слабые внутренние сигналы, которые имитируют свет.

Почему при закрытии глаз человек видит разноцветные узоры - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Глаза человека работают, даже когда закрыты

Идет речь о фоторецепторных клетках, которые нужны нам для восприятия цвета. Эти клетки находятся в сетчатке глаза и играют ключевую роль в восприятии света. Когда свет попадает в глаз, фоторецепторы реагируют на него, создавая электрические сигналы, которые затем передаются в мозг через зрительный нерв, и дают нам понять, что находится перед нами. В темноте или при закрытых глазах эти клетки создают слабые внутренние сигналы, вызывая фосфены.

Миллионы людей испытывают «визуальный снег» в глазах. Что это и насколько опасно?

Опасность вспышек в глазах

Обычно фосфены в глазах — это явление, которое не требует никакого внимания. Но если они сопровождаются вспышками и изменениями зрения, нужно обязательно обратиться к врачу-офтальмологу. Дело в том, что это может быть признаком серьезных проблем с глазами вроде отслоения сетчатки. Если не обратиться за помощью, можно потерять зрение, поэтому все очень серьезно.

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Иногда перед глазами возникает такое пятно — это значит, что начинается «мигрень с аурой»

Что видят слепые люди

Полностью слепые люди не видят ничего, даже фосфенов. Дело в том, что люди с врожденным и полным нарушением зрения не знают, что такое «темнота» — они просто видят пустоту. Чтобы понять, каково это, можно закрыть один глаз, оставив второй открытым. Под закрытым глазом не будет никакой темноты и даже фосфенов, человек в буквальном смысле ничего не увидит.

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Чтобы понять, какую пустоту видят слепые люди, закройте один глаз — что вы им видите?

Если же слепота приобретенная, некоторые люди видят фосфены при механического воздействии. Например, узоры перед их глазами могут возникать при легком надавливании или воздействии звуковыми или другого рода волнами. Ученые считают, что это свойство человеческого организма можно использовать для того, чтобы создать протезы человеческих глаз. Разумеется, они не смогут вернуть зрение на 100%, но из фосфенов вполне можно будет складывать очертания окружающих предметов. В 2022 году при помощи этой технологии российские ученые вернули зрение обезьяне и даже поделились изображениями того, как она видит наш мир.

А вы уже подписаны на наш Дзен-канал? Если нет, самое время это исправить! Там открыты комментарии и доступно много интересного контента!

Также многие люди замечают «мушки» перед глазами — особенно хорошо они видны в ясную погоду. Они выглядят как тонкие паутинки и точки, которые двигаются вслед за движениями глаз. Иногда они становятся настолько заметными и назойливыми, что мешают заниматься ежедневными делами, и люди ищут способы от них избавиться. В большинстве случаев, они не несут никакой опасности, как и описанные в рамках данной статьи фосфены. Но существуют операции, которые при необходимости могут помочь уменьшить их количество. Подробнее об этом вы можете почитать в нашей статье «Из-за чего появляются “мушки” перед глазами и можно ли от них избавиться на 100%».

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