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Знаете ли вы, что самые большие птицы России живут на северных склонах кавказских гор, а также встречаются в Краснодарском крае и Дагестане? Если посадить этих птиц рядом со стоящим человеком, их голова с мощным клювом будет находиться примерно на уровне пояса. Размах их крыльев достигает 3 метров, а зрение этих птиц в семь раз острее, чем у человека. Они питаются падалью и могут увидеть свежее мясо с высоты около 2 километров над землей. В поисках пищи они способны преодолевать огромные расстояния до 400 километров — чтобы экономить энергию, они используют естественные потоки теплого воздуха. Вы уже догадались, о какой птице идет речь?

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Черный гриф — самая крупная птица в России, но у нее есть парочка достойных конкурентов. Источник фотографии: pofoto.club

Содержание

  • 1 Самые большие птицы России
    • 1.1 Как выглядит черный гриф
    • 1.2 Где живут черные грифы
    • 1.3 Птицы падальщики в России
  • 2 Белоплечие орланы в России
    • 2.1 Как выглядят белоплечие орланы
    • 2.2 Где живут орланы
    • 2.3 Чем питаются орланы
    • 2.4 Вымирающие птицы России
  • 3 Кудрявые пеликаны в России

Самые большие птицы России

Самая крупная птица в России — это черный гриф (Aegypius monachus). Самки всегда крупнее самцов — их тела имеют длину до 112 сантиметров, а вес может достигать 12,5 килограммов. Длина тела самцов составляет около 107 сантиметров, а масса достигает 11,5 килограммов.

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Считается, название самых больших птиц в России произошло от «gryps» и восходит к древнеиндийскому «garutmant». Источник фотографии: rusfalcon.ru

Как выглядит черный гриф

Черного грифа сложно спутать с другими птицами. На голове и по бокам этих созданий растет белый пух, оперение вокруг глаз темно-коричневое, и эти темные перья тянутся до груди. Также у черных грифов длинный и мощный клюв, а еще сильные лапы с острыми когтями.

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Черные грифы обычно живут парами. Источник фотографии: redbookrf.ru

Если увидеть черного грифа вживую, можно встать в ступор от их размеров. Они важно расхаживают по земле, а если распахнут свои крылья, их размах может достичь 3-метровой ширины. Выглядят черные грифоны величественно и вызывают уважение.

Где живут черные грифы

Эти хищные птицы из семейства ястребиных обитают в местах, где много гор и лесных массивов. Как и говорилось в начале статьи, их можно встретить в горах Кавказа, Краснодарского края и Дагестана. Также небольшая популяция черных грифов обитает в горных местностях Крыма.

Самая большая птица в России: если вы ее увидите, будете шокированы - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Самки и самцы черных грифов высиживают яйца по очереди и являются отличными родителями. Источник фотографии: rtraveler.ru

Обычно черные грифы живут парами, свои гнезда каждая семья обустраивает как можно дальше от других пар. В качестве мест для гнезд они выбирают старые деревья и отвесные скалы. Гнезда у них большие, диаметр достигает 1,5 метров, а высота — 60 сантиметров. Дно гнезда очень мягкое, потому что грифы выстилают его мхом и шерстью животных.

Птицы падальщики в России

Черные грифы питаются падалью, причем особенно любят тела крупных животных. В поисках пищи они преодолевают расстояния до 400 километров, но не тратят на это много энергии, потому что парят используя потоки нагретого воздуха. Пищу они могут заметить с высоты около 2 километров, потому что зрение грифов в семь раз мощнее, чем у человека.

Читайте также: Эти птицы могут летать часами, ни разу не взмахнув крыльями

Белоплечие орланы в России

Помимо черного грифа, существует еще один претендент на звание самой крупной птицы в России. Таковым также можно назвать белоплечего орлана (Haliaeetus pelagicus), который тоже относится к семейству ястребиных.

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Белоплечий орлан является дальним родственником черного грифа. Источник: poknok.art

Как выглядят белоплечие орланы

Общая длина тела белоплечих орланов достигает 112 сантиметров. Масса их тела составляет от 6,8 до 9,5 килограммов. Максимальный размах крыльев белоплечих орланов составил 2,8 метров, но не исключено, что в природе есть особи покрупнее.

Самая большая птица в России: если вы ее увидите, будете шокированы - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Белоплечий орлан в полете. Источник фотографии: animals.pibig.info

Где живут орланы

Белоплечие орланы чаще всего гнездятся в Камчатском полуострове. Обычно они вьют гнезда в местах с высокими деревьями, или же на скалистых берегах. Пары орланов могут иметь сразу несколько гнезд, чтобы не откладывать яйца всегда в одном месте. Их гнезда очень долговечные и могут служить до 15 лет.

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О размножении белоплечих орланов ученым известно крайне мало. Источник: permnews.ru

Чем питаются орланы

Хищные птицы питаются рыбами, а также охотятся на мелких млекопитающих вроде зайцев. Как и черные грифы, они не брезгуют питаться падалью. В охоте они используют свое острое зрение, мощные когти на лапах, а также огромный клюв.

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Белоплечий орлан поймал рыбу. Источник: zoopicture.ru

Вымирающие птицы России

К сожалению, популяция белоплечих орланов сокращается. Конечно, они очень большие и сильные птицы, которые не дадут себя в обиду. Угроза их популяции появилась из-за того, что туристы часто находят их гнезда и разоряют их.

Вам будет интересно: На какой максимальной высоте могут летать птицы

Кудрявые пеликаны в России

Также в число самых больших птиц России входит кудрявый пеликан (Pelecanus crispus). Длина тела этих созданий достигает 180 сантиметров, а размах крыльев равен 3,2 метрам — это больше, чем у черных грифов и белоплечего орлана. Масса тела кудрявых пеликанов тоже внушительная и может достигать 14 килограммов.

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Кудрявый пеликан в воде. Источник фотографии: wikimedia.org

Кудрявые пеликаны в России гнездятся в дельте реки Волга, Приазовье, на озере Маныч-Гудило (Калмыкия) и некоторых других точках. Они питаются рыбой, и живут в колониях по несколько особей. Этот вид птиц считается уязвимым, поэтому охота на них строго запрещена.

Самая большая птица в России: если вы ее увидите, будете шокированы - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Кудрявых пеликанов могут ловить только владельцы некоторых зоопарков, получив на это разрешение. Источник фотографии: wikimedia.org

Обязательно подпишитесь на наш Дзен-канал. Там вы найдете много чего интересного!

Как вы уже могли понять, в России предостаточно интересных животных, и о существовании некоторых из них мы даже не подозреваем. Если хотите узнать об еще одном удивительном виде птиц, читайте наш материал «Уродливые птицы-носороги: их мощный череп может проломить человеку голову».

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