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В ноябре 2023 года на исландском полуострове Рейкьянес были зарегистрированы тысячи землетрясений. Подземные толчки были приняты за предвестников скорого извержения вулкана Фаградальсфьядль — научные приборы показали, что лава уже находится на глубине 5 километров, то есть практически на поверхности. Из-за высокой вероятности извержения, находящийся недалеко от вулкана город Гриндавик с населением около 4 тысяч человек был эвакуирован. Внимание миллионов людей со всего мира приковано к исландскому вулкану, потому что его извержение может начаться в любой момент, предсказать это точно невозможно. Однако, извергающихся вулканов на Земле очень много — даже больше, чем вы можете предполагать.

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Для кого-то это будет неожиданностью, но в каждый момент времени на Земле извергаются десятки вулканов

Сколько на Земле активных вулканов

По данным Геологической службы США (USGS), на планете Земля насчитывается 1350 потенциально активных вулканов. Примерно 170 из них располагается на территории американских штатов, и столько же их насчитывается в России — больше всего их на полуострове Камчатка и Курильских островах. Подавляющее большинство действующих вулканов (328 штук!) находится в Тихоокеанском вулканическом огненном кольце, где происходит множество столкновений тектонических плит. Помимо вулканических извержений, там происходит около 90% землетрясений.

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Тихоокеанское огненное кольцо показано красной линией

Большинство из известных науке вулканов являются потухшими, то есть уже давно не извергались. А о действующих извержениях регулярно сообщается в Еженедельном отчете о вулканической активности. По данным за 14 ноября 2023 года, в состоянии извержения на Земле находится 19 вулканов. Среди них, само собой разумеется, есть и упомянутый в начале статьи Фаградальсфьядль — на момент написания статьи 21 ноября лавы еще не видно, но из появившихся на земле разломов уже идет пар.

Сколько вулканов на Земле извергаются прямо сейчас — их больше, чем вы думаете - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Трещины на дорогах города Гриндавик, вызванные активностью вулкана

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Какие вулканы извергаются в России

Извергающиеся вулканы есть и на территории России. Так, на острове Парамушир активность демонстрирует вулкан Эбеко, высота которого составляет 1156 метров. На его вершине есть три кратера, через которые вырываются магма и различные газы. С 1950-х годов там проводятся научные исследования: ученые изучают состав газов, магмы и геотермальных источников. По данным Интерфакс, 15 ноября вулкан Эбеко выбросил в небо 3-километровый столб пепла. Его шлейф протянулся на более 5 километров, но на близлежащем городе Северо-Курильск пепла не наблюдалось и угрозы для чьей-либо жизни вулкан не представлял.

Сколько вулканов на Земле извергаются прямо сейчас — их больше, чем вы думаете - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Извержение вулкана Эбеко в 2023 году

Также в России извергается вулкан Шивелуч, находящийся на полуострове Камчатка. Его высота составляет 3283 метра, а склоны покрыты березами и соснами. Он начал свое извержение 11 апреля 2023 года — вулканические газы распространились на 19 километров, а потом произошел крупнейший за последние 60 лет пеплопад. В верхние слои атмосферы было выброшено 200 000 тонн сернистого газа. По информации Интерфакс за 9 ноября, вулкан Шивелуч стал источником пеплового шлейфа длиной 80 километров.

Сколько вулканов на Земле извергаются прямо сейчас — их больше, чем вы думаете - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Последствия извержения вулкана Шивелуч

Вам будет интересно: 5 самых опасных вулканов, угрожающих человечеству

Самые необычные вулканы Земли

По данным научного издания IFL Science, в 2023 году 46 вулканов находятся в статусе «продолжающегося извержения». Это значит, что они извергаются не реже одного раза в 3 месяца. К таким вулканам, например, относится Улавун — он находится на острове Новая Британия, который принадлежит государству Папуа — Новая Гвинея. Высота этого вулкана составляет 2334 метра, причем большая ее часть покрыта растениями. Во время недавнего извержения, он выбросил в небо огромный столб пепла высотой 15 000 метров. Некоторым людям, которые живут недалеко от вулкана, пришлось эвакуироваться. Также на непродолжительное время были отменены воздушные рейсы, потому что полеты в таких условиях невозможны.

Сколько вулканов на Земле извергаются прямо сейчас — их больше, чем вы думаете - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Вулкан Улавун в Папуа — Новая Гвинея

На Земле также существуют вулканы, которые извергаются на протяжении многих десятилетий. Например, вулкан Стромболи на одноименном итальянском острове постоянно активен с 1934 года. Его высота над уровнем моря составляет 926 метров, на самой вершине располагаются три кратера. Его извержения не представляют большой опасности, поэтому он является популярной достопримечательностью и его часто посещают туристы. Население вулканического острова Стромболи часто меняется и составляет от 400 до 850 человек.

Сколько вулканов на Земле извергаются прямо сейчас — их больше, чем вы думаете - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Итальянский вулкан Стромболи

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Еще одним действующим вулканом нашей планеты является Иджен, которое имеет кислотное озеро, меняющее свой цвет в течение дня. Если хотите узнать о нем больше, читайте материал моего коллеги Андрея Жукова «Иджен — самый необычный действующий вулкан в мире».

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