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Кажется, в космосе каждый объект вращается вокруг другого, более крупного объекта. Луна вращается вокруг Земли, наша планета совершает обороты вокруг Солнца, а самая близкая к нам звезда наворачивает круги вокруг черной дыры Стрелец A* — центра галактики Млечный Путь. А вокруг чего вращается сама галактика Млечный Путь? Ведь рядом с ней наверняка должен находиться еще более крупный объект, который притягивает ее и не дает оставаться неподвижной. Современные технологии позволяют астрономам заглядывать в самые глубины глубины космоса и, должно быть, у них есть ответ на заинтересовавший нас вопрос.

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В Млечном Пути находится от 100 до 400 миллиардов звезд. Источник изображения: NASA

Содержание

  • 1 Почему планеты вращаются вокруг Солнца
  • 2 Вокруг чего вращается Солнце
  • 3 Вокруг чего вращается Млечный Путь
  • 4 Столкновение галактик Млечный путь и Андромеда
  • 5 Куда движется Местная группа галактик

Почему планеты вращаются вокруг Солнца

По данным авторов научного издания Live Science, чтобы разобраться в этом вопросе, сначала нужно понять, почему вращаются планеты, спутники и звезды. Главной причиной подвижности космических объектов является гравитационное притяжение — объект, обладающий большой массой, создает сильное гравитационное поле и притягивает маленькие объекты. Именно поэтому маленькая Луна вращается вокруг относительно крупной Земли, а наша планета кружится вокруг еще более массивного Солнца.

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Планеты Солнечной системы вращаются вокруг Солнца. Источник изображения: stock.adobe.com

Вокруг чего вращается Солнце

Солнце тоже не стоит на месте. Оно, как и многие другие звезды внутри галактики, вращается вокруг центра Млечного Пути — сверхмассивной черной дыры Стрелец A*. Наша звезда находится на расстоянии около 25,000–28,000 световых лет от центра галактики. Один оборот вокруг галактического центра Солнце делает примерно за 225-250 миллионов лет. Этот период называется галактическим годом. Точная длительность галактического года неизвестна, потому что расстояние от Солнца до Стрельца А* и скорость вращения звезды приблизительные.

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Чёрная дыра Стрелец А*. Источник фотографии: cdn.eso.org

Вокруг чего вращается Млечный Путь

С вращением спутников, планет и звезд мы разобрались — все просто. Но когда дело доходит до движения в галактических масштабах, все гораздо сложнее.

Мы живем внутри огромной галактики Млечный Путь, которая дополнительно является частью Местной группы галактик. В эту же группу также входят более 50 других скоплений космических объектов — например, многим известная галактика Андромеда.

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Местная группа включает в себя около 50 разных галактик. Источник фотографии: noirlab.edu

Млечный Путь и Андромеда являются двумя крупнейшими объектами в Местной группе. Они имеют примерно одинаковую массу, и поблизости них нет ни одного более крупного объекта. Исходя из этого невозможно сказать, что Млечный Путь «кружится» вокруг чего-то. Вместо этого наша галактика и Андромеда движутся по радиальной орбите, то есть навстречу друг другу под воздействием притяжения.

Читайте также: Может ли наша галактика находиться внутри огромного пузыря?

Столкновение галактик Млечный путь и Андромеда

Ученые считают, что примерно через 4,5 миллиарда лет галактики Млечный Путь и Андромеда столкнутся. Но никакой катастрофы при этом произойти не должно, потому что планеты и звезды находятся слишком далеко друг от друга — галактики просто пройдут сквозь. Со временем они снова разделятся и просто поменяются местами. Но это продлится недолго (в космических масштабах), и потом две галактики должны собраться воедино. Ни мы, ни наши потомки, этого не увидим, потому что этот процесс займет сотни миллионов или даже миллиардов лет.

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Через несколько миллиардов лет галактики Млечный путь и Андромеда столкнутся. Источник изображения: NASA

Галактики Млечный Путь и Андромеда имеют форму спирали. После столкновения и объединения, новая галактика может принять кругообразную форму. Возможно, при столкновении имеющиеся в галактиках скопления газов будут нагреты настолько, что в космосе появятся новые звезды. В результате этого, размер гибрида галактик Млечный Путь и Андромеда может обрести еще более невообразимый размер.

Куда движется Местная группа галактик

С движением Млечного Пути мы тоже разобрались. А движется ли Местная группа галактик, в которую она входит?

На сегодняшний день ученые не могут с большой уверенностью говорить о движении настолько масштабных объектов. Но они уверены, что она тоже не стоит на месте — скорее всего, ее притягивает скопление Девы, которое содержит несколько сотен галактик и находится примерно в 65 миллионах световых лет от нас.

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Размер Вселенной трудно себе представить. Источник изображения: artfile.ru

Однако, Местная группа галактик никогда не столкнется со скоплением Девы, потому что Вселенная постоянно расширяется. Наша группа Галактик уносится вдаль быстрее, чем ее притягивает скопление Девы.

Понравилась ли вам статья? Комментарий к ней вы можете оставить в нашем Дзен-канале или Telegram-чате!

Возможно, после прочтения этой статьи вы в очередной раз осознали, насколько большим является космос. Исходя из этого, кажется невозможным то, что жизнь есть только на Земле. На самом деле, ученые подозревают, что в галактике Млечный путь много инопланетных цивилизаций. Но они могут быть давно мертвы.

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