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Древние наскальные рисунки не являются редкостью. Наши предки были большими любителями “граффити”, поэтому их находят на скалах и в пещерах в самых разных частях мира. Возраст некоторых их них превышает 40 тысяч лет. Однако недавняя находка группы археологов из Венесуэлы озадачила ученых, несмотря на то, что ее возраст предположительно составляет более 4000 лет. Речь идет о наскальной живописи, обнаруженной в национальном парке Канаймана. По мнению ученых, эти рисунки принадлежат неизвестной ранее культуре охотников-собирателей, которая в какой-то момент распространилась на достаточно большие территории в Южной Америке.

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Обнаруженные в Венесуэле наскальные рисунки принадлежат неизвестной культуре. Источник фото: livescience.com

Загадочные наскальные рисунки в Южной Америке

Необычные рисунки были обнаружены на территории национального парка Канайма, который находится в юго-восточной части Венесуэлы. Как сообщает издание Live Science, некоторые из рисунков нанесены красным цветом и представляют собой геометрические символы, например, линии из точек, ряды крестиков, прямые линии и т.д. Совместно они образуют узоры, которые ученые назвали “пиктограммами”.

Кроме того, среди них есть и обычные изображения, например, людей, листьев, и т.д. Также есть изображения, вырезанные на скалах, то есть так называемые “петроглифы”. Они тоже представляют собой различные геометрические мотивы, о чем исследователи сообщают в издании Rock Art Research. Красный цвет объясняется использованием охры, которую древние индейцы добывали недалеко от места, где были обнаружены рисунки.

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Загадочные рисунки нанесены охрой. Источник фото: livescience.com

Ученые не знают с какой целью местные жители создавали эти изображения. Ранее мы рассказывали, что иногда наскальные рисунки выполняли даже функцию “дорожных указателей”. Правда, на этот раз они имели явно другую функцию. Скорее всего, данная наскальная живопись имела ритуальное значение.

Некоторые изображения, по мнению исследователей, могли быть связаны с определенными важными событиями в жизни индейцев, такими как рождение ребенка, болезни, хорошая охота и т.д. Поэтому, скорее всего, места, где наносились рисунки, имели важное значение для них, например, как церкви для современных людей.

Эта наскальная живопись принадлежит неизвестной ранее культуре — находка ставит ученых в тупик - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Один из участков, где были обнаружены наскальные рисунки. Источник фото: livescience.com

Неизвестная ранее культура в Южной Америке

Аналогичные наскальные рисунки были обнаружены не только в Венесуэле. Ранее ученые нашли такую же наскальную живопись в Бразилии. Ее возраст составляет 4000 лет. Когда были созданы рисунки в Венесуэле, ученые не знают, но предполагают, что они даже более древние.

Кроме того, аналогичные рисунки были обнаружены в Гвиане и даже в южной Колумбии. Но какой народ их создал? Пока на этот вопрос нет ответа. Однако в районе, где они были обнаружены, ученые также нашли остатки керамики и каменных орудий. Скорее всего эти изделия были выполнены теми же людьми, которые создали и рисунки.

Эта наскальная живопись принадлежит неизвестной ранее культуре — находка ставит ученых в тупик - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Скорее всего, неизвестная культура возникла на территории Национального парка Канайма. Источник фото: livescience.com

Поэтому, вполне возможно, что дальнейшие исследования позволят получить больше информации о загадочном народе. Кроме того, ученые предполагают, что им удастся еще найти много других мест с наскальной живописью. Но уже сейчас авторы работы делают некоторые выводы. По их мнению, таинственная культура зародилась на территории Национального парка Канайма.

Парк занимает огромную территорию, сопоставимую с размерами небольшой страны, такой как Бельгия. В основном он представляет собой лесистую и горную местность. Наиболее известной достопримечательностью парка является водопад Анхель — самый высокий водопад в мире, правда только на суше. Напомним, что под водой существует водопад высотой 3 километра, о чем мы рассказывали ранее.

Эта наскальная живопись принадлежит неизвестной ранее культуре — находка ставит ученых в тупик - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Анхель — самый высокий водопад в мире в Венесуэле. Источник фото: vodopads.ru

Скорее всего, территория вокруг водопада была “отправной точкой”, откуда распространилась вдоль реки Амазонка, а также на другие упомянутые выше территории. Но пока это только предположения, которые нуждаются в подтверждении. Как бы там ни было, ученые призывают обеспечить защиту пиктограмм и другой наскальной живописи как ценных объектов культурного наследия.

Обязательно посетите наши каналы Дзен и Telegram, здесь вас ждут самые интересные новости из мира науки и последние открытия!

Напоследок отметим, что исследование наскальных рисунков иногда позволяет сделать неожиданные открытия. Например, как мы ранее уже рассказывали, один из наскальных рисунков, возрастом 4000 лет показал, как выглядела тысячи лет назад пустыня сахара. В тот период времени она имела гораздо более приятные условия для жизни.

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