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Для того, чтобы быть здоровым и энергичным, нам нужно есть как минимум три раза в день: утром, днем и вечером. Еда снабжает нас калориями и питательными веществами, которые нужны для работы всех внутренних органов. Также пища очень важна для восстановления тканей и работы иммунной системы. Если мы не будем есть, то станем вялыми и начнем туго соображать. Здоровый человек может обойтись без пищи максимум одну неделю, и то к концу этого срока он станет худым как спичка, потому что организм израсходует все запасы жира, чтобы хоть откуда-то взять энергию. Если нам не хватает энергии, мы начинаем ощущать голод. Задумывались ли вы, как наш организм сигнализирует нам об этом?

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Когда мы голодны, в организме происходит огромное количество сложных процессов. Источник: mk.ru

Содержание

  • 1 Чувства голода и сытости
  • 2 Как возникает чувство голода
  • 3 Как понять что ты голоден
  • 4 Как приходит чувство сытости
  • 5 Почему хочется есть часто и много

Чувства голода и сытости

На сайте Роспотребнадзора есть отличная статья про пищевое поведение человека. В плане питания у человека есть всего лишь два состояния: голод и насыщение. В состоянии голода, наш организм заставляет нас искать пищу, а чувство насыщения говорит нам о том, что пищи уже предостаточно, и нужно остановиться.

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Без чувств голода и сытости мы бы долго не протянули. Источник: econet.ru

Как возникает чувство голода

Когда человек голоден, в его организме происходит множество биохимических процессов. Они нужны для того, чтобы подсказать нам, что скоро энергия тела будет на исходе, и нужно срочно чем-нибудь подкрепиться.

Например, когда мы долго не едим, у нас снижается уровень сахара в крови. Наш мозг понимает это, потому что глюкоза является для него основным источником энергии. Если долго не есть, мы начинаем хуже соображать.

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Когда мы голодны, у нас немного меняется состав крови. Источник: rlegroup.net

Когда желудок пуст, организм повышает уровни гормонов грелина. Сигнал об этом отправляется в гипоталамус — небольшую часть мозга, которая отвечает за многие процессы в организме, в том числе и регулирование аппетита.

Как понять что ты голоден

Мозг получает сигналы о том, что организму не хватает энергии. А что дальше?

После получения сигналов, мы начинаем ощущать проявления голода — тело буквально подталкивает нас к поиску пищи.

В первую очередь голодный человек ощущает слабость и даже легкое головокружение, что является следствием недостатка сахара в крови. Также мы испытываем легкую тошноту и самый распространенный признак голода — урчание в животе. Оно возникает из-за того, что стенки желудка сокращаются, а внутри него ничего нет — перемещаются только газы. Иногда урчание в животе возникает не только из-за голода.

Что происходит в нашем организме, когда мы голодны - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Урчание в животе — главный признак голода. Источник: freepik.com

Голодный человек также становится раздражительным, у него появляются навязчивые мысли о еще. Таким хитрым способом наш мозг заставляет нас искать еду еще быстрее, это буквально проявление инстинкта самосохранения. Если бы не чувство голода и его проявления, люди бы точно жили намного меньше. Нам бы приходилось ставить напоминания на смартфоне о том, что нужно что-нибудь пожевать.

Читайте также: Что происходит с человеком после недели голодания

Как приходит чувство сытости

Итак, когда мы хотим есть, гормоны передают об этом сигналы в мозг, и он заставляет нас искать пищу. Мы ее находим, едим, а потом ощущаем сытость. Как организм дает нам знать, что пора перестать есть?

Когда мы едим, пища попадает в желудок, и его стенки начинают растягиваться. Они покрыты окончаниями нервных волокон, которые передают сигналы в мозг о том, что желудок наполняется. Сигналы передаются через блуждающий нерв, который играет важную роль в регулировании аппетита.

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Ощущение сытости — это настоящее блаженство. Источник: freepik.com

Также о чувстве сытости сигнализирует нормализация всех упомянутых выше гормонов, которые отвечают за голод. А еще у сытого человека повышается уровень гормона лептина. В результате, у нас возникает чувство удовлетворения, и мучавшее нас чувство голода исчезает.

Важно отметить, что ощущение сытости возникает не моментально, для этого нужно около 20 минут. Поэтому употреблять пищу рекомендуется медленно, чтобы не допустить переедания.

Весьма интересное исследование: Можно ли утолить голод, просто смотря на фотографии еды

Почему хочется есть часто и много

Некоторые люди страдают от того, что трех приемов пищи в день им не хватает. Постоянное чувство голода может быть связано с рядом различных факторов.

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Некоторые люди едят больше обычного, что может привести к проблемам со здоровьем. Источник: aif.ru

Самая вероятная и нормальная причина — это тяжелый физический труд. Если человек постоянно на ногах, поднимает тяжести или ходит в тренажерный зал, он расходует огромное количество энергии. Поэтому не удивительно, что организм просит больше еды, чтобы восполнить недостаток сил.

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Иногда причиной постоянного голода являются гормональные нарушения. Например, у человека возникают проблемы с упомянутыми выше грелином и лептином. Чаще всего такого рода нарушения из-за стресса и недостатка сна.

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