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В будущем человечество хочет создать колонию на Марсе. В первую очередь она нужна на случай того, если на Земле произойдет глобальная катастрофа вроде ядерной войны или падения астероида. Во-вторых, создав поселение на Красной планете, ученым будет удобнее и дешевле исследовать далекий космос. Но чтобы создать колонию на Марсе, нужно решить много проблем. В частности, необходимо сделать так, чтобы планета стала хотя бы капельку комфортнее для жизни людей. Сейчас средняя температура на Марсе составляет около -64 градуса Цельсия. Следовательно, перед постройкой марсианской базы, планету нужно каким-то образом разогреть. Недавно ученые предложили самый дешевый способ сделать это.
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Ученые нашли лучший способ сделать Марс комфортной планетой. Источник изображения: sciencealert.com
Содержание
- 1 Из-за чего меняется климат на планете
- 1.1 Парниковый эффект на Земле
- 1.2 Парниковый эффект на Марсе
- 2 Как превратить Марс в Землю
Из-за чего меняется климат на планете
Ученые пытаются найти способ согреть Марс уже давно. Считается, что проще всего этой цели можно добиться, создав на планете парниковый эффект. Об этом недавно рассказали авторы научного издания Science Alert.
Парниковый эффект на Земле
На Земле парниковое потепление происходит слишком быстро. Человечество выбрасывает в воздух огромное количество веществ вроде углекислого газа и метана. Они создают в атмосфере плотный слой, который не позволяет образующемуся на поверхности Земли теплу улетать в космос. В результате, температура воздуха на нашей планете повышается. И специалисты со всего мира пытаются остановить этот процесс, чтобы не допустить усиления глобального потепления, из-за которого могут погибнуть не только животные, но и многие люди.
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Схематичное изображение парникового эффекта на Земле. Источник: kipmu.ru
Парниковый эффект на Марсе
Для Земли парниковый эффект — это зло, с которым борются миллионы людей по всему миру. Но для Марса этот эффект не помешал бы, потому что он может повысить температуру воздуха до комфортного для живых организмов уровня.
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Парниковый эффект вполне может превратить Марс во вторую Землю. Источник: thespaceway.info
Создать парниковый эффект на Марсе можно так же, как и на Земле. Для этого нужно накачать разряженную атмосферу Красной планеты парниковыми газами и слой, мешающий теплу на поверхности улетать в космос, появится сам. Но проблема заключается в том, что на Марсе мало парниковых газов — если ученые решат применить такую стратегию, ресурсы нужно будет доставлять из Земли или добывать из-под поверхности Красной планеты. Это очень долго и дорого.
Глобальное потепление климата: катастрофа неизбежна?
Как превратить Марс в Землю
Недавно в научном журнале Science Advances появилась статья, в которой говорится, что создать парниковый эффект на Марсе можно другим способом. На его поверхности есть большое количество алюминия, железа и других металлов. Авторы нового исследования предложили стереть их в мелкий порошок, а потом распылить по марсианской атмосфере. Они, как углекислый газ и метан, могут удержать тепло на поверхности Марса.
Это не просто предположение, потому что работоспособность предложенного метода была доказана как минимум в результате компьютерного моделирования. Если говорить по-простому, ученые предложили компьютеру воссоздать то, что произойдет с климатом на Марсе, если в его атмосфере распылить крошечные частицы блестящих металлов.
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На изображении наглядно показан новый план по терраформированию Марса. Источник: sciencealert.com
Моделирование показало, что при постоянном выбросе «металлической пыли» со скоростью 30 литров в секунду, температура воздуха на Марсе сможет подняться до комфортных для людей +28 градусов Цельсия. Правда для достижения этого результата потребуется несколько десятков лет. Но зато после потепления на Марсе растает замерзшая вода и начнутся другие важные для терраформирования процессы.
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Возможно, колония людей на Марсе будет выглядеть так. Источник: humanmars.net
Ученые уверены, что если климат на Марсе станет теплым, там смогут обитать бактерии, способные к фотосинтезу. Это значит, что после потепления на Марсе может стать гораздо больше кислорода, который крайне необходим для жизни людей. Получается, что создание парникового эффекта может быть самым первым и самым важным шагом в терраформировании Марса.
Что вы думаете о новой идее ученых? Своим мнением делитесь в комментариях нашего Дзен-канала.
Но важно понимать, что для жизни на Марсе людям нужно не только сделать планету теплой и насытить ее кислородом. Также там высокий уровень радиации — возможно, распыленные в атмосфере частицы металлов немного улучшат ситуацию, но не факт. Еще на Марсе мало многих ресурсов, которые нужно будет откуда-то добывать или отправлять из Земли. Ну и наконец, многие жители марсианской колонии наверняка будут чувствовать себя плохо вдалеке от родной планеты, и об этом нужно заранее позаботиться.
