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Мы уже настолько сильно привыкли к тому, что в сутках ровно 24 часа, что даже не задумываемся о причинах такого способа подсчета времени. Мы прекрасно знаем, что сутки — это время, за которое Земля делает один оборот вокруг своей оси. Но почему бы нам не начать делить день на 100 часов? Это кажется более простым и логичным способом понять время. Если принять 100% времени за сутки, то получалось бы, что каждый час является одной сотой этого дня. На самом деле, человечество решило что в сутках ровно 24 часа уже давно, во времена Древнего Египта. И однажды жители Франции пытались переизобрести время — они начали жить, считая, что в сутках 10 часов. Как можно понять, ничего хорошего из этого эксперимента не вышло.

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В сутках ровно 24 часа, и это самая лучшая система исчисления времени. Источник изображения: huffpost.com

Содержание

  • 1 Как жили люди до изобретения часов
    • 1.1 Как работают солнечные часы
    • 1.2 Как работают водяные часы
  • 2 Почему в сутках 24 часа
  • 3 Когда сутки были разделены на 10 часов

Как жили люди до изобретения часов

До разделения дня на 24 часа люди делили сутки на две или четыре части. Одни народы ограничивались разделением на день и ночь. Другие пошли дальше и делили сутки на утро, день, вечер и ночь. Временные интервалы они определяли по расположению на небе солнца, луны и звезд.

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Раньше сутки длились на условные день и ночь. Источник изображения: twam.ru

Впервые сутки были разделены на 24 часа в Древнем Египте. Сначала они делили сутки на две части: 12 часов дня и 12 часов ночи. Скорее всего, их выбор пал на число 12 потому, что это количество лунных циклов. Благодаря такому подходу, они могли правильно распределять время работы и отдыха.

Читайте также: Сколько бы стоило строительство египетской пирамиды сегодня?

Как работают солнечные часы

Днем время измерялось при помощи солнечных часов, а ночью — с помощью водяных.

Солнечные часы представляет собой плоскость с делениями, посередине которой находился вертикальный стержень (гномон). Когда солнце перемещается по небу, тень меняет свое положение и указывает на циферблате текущее время.

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Древние солнечные часы. Источник фотографии: dzen.ru

Как работают водяные часы

Днем солнца нет, поэтому египтяне использовали водяные часы, также известные как клепсидры. В водяных часах жидкость вытекает из одного сосуда в другой с определенной скоростью, либо с постоянной скоростью накапливается только в одном сосуде. Измерив объем вытекшей воды можно определить прошедшее время.

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Древние водяные часы. Источник изображения: remontwatch.ru

Почему в сутках 24 часа

Разделение суток на две части по 12 часов оказалось не самым лучшим вариантом. Все потому, что в разные времена года длительность светового дня и ночи различается.

Чтобы решить эту проблему, древнегреческие ученые решили объединить часы дня и ночи, в результате чего и получилось, что в сутках 24 часа.

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Мы живем деля сутки на 24 часа уже много сотен лет. Источник изображения: kartinki.pics

Оказалось, что это самый лучший способ подсчета времени. Число 24 отлично делится на множество частей, что очень важно для астрономических наблюдений и ведения повседневной жизни. Также деление на 24 часа оказалось наиболее совпадающим с человеческими биологическими ритмами. Мы уже давно привыкли, что ложиться спать лучше в 22 ночи, а просыпаться в 7 утра.

Вам будет интересно: Ученые назвали место на Земле, где время течет медленнее

Когда сутки были разделены на 10 часов

Во время Французской революции 1793 года власти попробовали изменить систему измерения времени. Была разработана десятичная система, в которой сутки делились на 10 часов, часы состояли из 100 минут, а каждая минута — из 100 секунд. Один такой десятичный час был равен примерно 2,4 привычным нам часам. Также в рамках реформы был введен декадный календарь: месяца делились не на четыре недели, а состояли из тред декад по 10 дней каждая.

Такой системы уже не существует, и это значит, что она не прижилась. Жители Франции попросту не смогли привыкнуть к ней, потому что уже давно привыкли к 24-часовому способу отсчету времени. Производители часов даже выпускали механизмы, которые показывали 24-х и 10-ти часовые системы, чтобы людям было проще понять суть. Но ничего из этого не вышло, и со временем Франция вернулась к традиционному 24-часовому формату и григорианскому календарю.

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Часы с двумя системами исчисления времени. Источник фотографии: wikipedia.org

В конечном итоге получается, что деление суток на 24 часа — это самый лучший вариант. Мы пользуемся этой системой уже много тысяч лет, и придумывать что-то новое уже нет смысла. К тому же, от такого способа исчисления времени сегодня зависит вся электроника, и даже при малейшем изменении все в мире может сломаться. Так что никаких реформ в области измерения времени в будущем не будет, все и так идеально.

Подпишитесь на наш Telegram-канал, в котором публикуются посты, которые никогда не появятся на сайте!

Интересно, что на природе течение времени ощущается более медленным, чем в городе. Так что лучшим местом для отдыха является природа — пробыв там даже пару часов, можно подумать, что прошла половина дня. Объяснение этому явлению ищите в этом материале.

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