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В августе 2022 года Россия впервые за 50 лет запустила исследовательский аппарат на Луну. Им стала автоматическая межпланетная станция «Луна-25», отправленная в небо с космодрома «Восточный» при помощи ракеты-носителя «Союз-2.1б». Сначала все проходило по плану, и устройство благополучно достигло лунной орбиты. Однако потом, при попытке совершить посадку на поверхность Луны, специалисты из центра управления полетами потеряли с ним связь. Как оказалось, устройство стоимостью в десятки миллиардов рублей разбилось. Это событие сильно огорчило российских ученых, но уже в 2028 году они хотят запустить в космос станцию «Луна-27» — для увеличения шансов на успех, предлагается создать сразу два одинаковых аппарата.

Россия может создать сразу два аппарата «Луна-27» для изучения спутника Земли - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Возможно, в 2028 году на Луну отправятся сразу два аппарата «Луна-27». Изображение: Ferra

Содержание

  • 1 Из-за чего разбилась «Луна-25» в 2023 году
  • 2 Поиск воды на Луне
  • 3 Космический аппарат «Луна-27»
  • 4 Цель миссии «Луна-27»
  • 5 Индийский аппарат на Луне

Из-за чего разбилась «Луна-25» в 2023 году

Российская станция «Луна-25» была запущена в космос 11 августа 2023 года. После успешного выхода на земную орбиту, разгонный блок «Фрегат» благополучно вывел устройство на траекторию полета в сторону Луны. Оно достигло 100-километровой орбиты 16 августа и даже смог сделать снимок обратной стороны Луны на камеру.

Россия может создать сразу два аппарата «Луна-27» для изучения спутника Земли - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Исследовательская станция «Луна-25». Изображение: РБК

Все шло прекрасно, но 19 августа аппарат сменил траекторию во время подготовки к посадке. После этого он перестал выходить на связь, и стало понятно, что аппарат разбился.

Место крушения станции «Луна-25» удалось найти только в сентябре, при помощи орбитального спутника Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO). Аппарат должен был сесть в область недалеко от кратера Богуславский, но не долетел до этого места около 400 метров. Провал был связан с неправильной работой двигателя, корректирующего положение аппарата.

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Место крушения станции «Луна-25»

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Поиск воды на Луне

Главной целью миссии «Луна-25» был поиск воды на поверхности Луны. Лучшим для этого местом ученые посчитали Южный полюс спутника, на котором много тенистых мест — именно там могут находиться запасы замерзшей воды. Также этот аппарат на своем примере должен был показать, по какой траектории лучше всего садиться на Южный полюс Луны, но сделать это не получилось.

Россия может создать сразу два аппарата «Луна-27» для изучения спутника Земли - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Считается, что южный полюс Луны скрывает в себе запасы воды. Изображение: NASA

Вода на Луне: что обнаружил китайский луноход Чанъэ-5

Космический аппарат «Луна-27»

Несмотря на провал миссии, в 2027 году российские ученые хотят запустить в космос орбитальную станцию «Луна-26». Ее разработка уже идет, а стоимость оценивается в 1,9 миллиардов рублей. Ожидается, что он создаст подробную карту поверхности Луны и определить самые лучшие места для посадки следующей станции «Луна-27».

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Орбитальная станция «Луна-26». Изображение: НПО Лавочкина

Недавно специалисты из Российской академии наук (РАН) предложили Роскосмосу создать сразу две версии этой станции: первая будет называться «Луна-27а», а вторая — «Луна-27б». Такое решение предлагается для надежности и для гарантированного выполнения будущей миссии. Если один из аппаратов не сможет совершить мягкую посадку на выбранное станцией «Луна-26» место, его сможет заметить вторая станция.

Вам будет интересно: Кто полетит на Луну в 2024 году и сколько это будет стоить

Цель миссии «Луна-27»

Космический аппарат «Луна-27», после запуска в 2028 году и спуска на поверхность Луны, должен будет выполнить задачи разбившейся станции «Луна-25». В первую очередь речь идет о поиске водяного льда — если российским ученым удастся его найти, это будет очень полезный ресурс для дальнейшего освоения естественного спутника Земли.

Также, при помощи встроенного оборудования, аппарат «Луна-27» попробует изучить магнитные аномалии на поверхности Луны. В целом, ученых интересует все, что касается лунного грунта — знания о его составе могут быть очень полезны во время планирования будущих миссий. На сегодняшний день мы стоим только на пороге космических открытий, а в будущем человечество намерено построить базу на Луне и использовать ее в качестве перевалочного пункта в ходе более длительных миссий на Марс и другие планеты.

Россия может создать сразу два аппарата «Луна-27» для изучения спутника Земли - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Примерный внешний вид аппарата «Луна-27». Изображение: Википедия

Индийский аппарат на Луне

В плане посадки на Луну в 2023 году больше повезло Индии — ее космический аппарат «Чандраян-3» благополучно долетел до нашего спутника и спустился на его поверхность. После этого события, Индия стала четвертой в мире страной, которой удалось совершить мягкую посадку на Луну. При этом она стала первой, кто смог сделать это на южном полюсе, в котором как раз может быть очень много водяного льда. Кажется, лунная вода является одним из самых желанных ресурсов у многих стран — она может многократно увеличить шансы на успешные космические миссии.

Россия может создать сразу два аппарата «Луна-27» для изучения спутника Земли - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Индийский аппарат «Чандраян-3» на поверхности Луны. Изображение: BBC

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Подробности об успехе индийских ученых вы можете почитать в статье моего коллеги Андрея Жукова «Аппарат Чандраян-3 успешно совершил посадку на Луне, но лунная миссия только начинается».

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