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Всемирная организация здравоохранения (ВОЗ) предупредила о том, что скоро в мире может начаться новая глобальная эпидемия. Причиной серьезного беспокойства стала Марбургская лихорадка — вирус, который близок к вирусу Эбола. Вспышка этого заболевания уже зафиксирована в Руанде, и исследователи опасаются, что она способна распространиться по всему миру. Смертность от вируса Марбург может достигать 88%, и, что самое страшное, ученые пока очень мало знают о нем. Давайте разберемся, что известно о вирусе Марбург на данный момент и может ли он появиться в России.

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В мире возник риск возникновения новой эпидемии. Источник изображения: Wikipedia / Автор: Sycophanta Duccius

Содержание

  • 1 Что такое вирус Марбург
  • 2 Вирус Марбург в Руанде
  • 3 Как передается вирус Марбург
  • 4 Симптомы лихорадки Марбург
  • 5 Вакцина от вируса Марбург
  • 6 Есть ли вирус Марбург в России

Что такое вирус Марбург

Марбургская лихорадка — это редкая, но чрезвычайно опасная болезнь, которая поражает внутренние органы человека. Она распространяется очень быстро и имеет высокий уровень смертности. По своему клиническому течению напоминает лихорадку Эбола и вызывает тяжелые симптомы, включая поражения печени, желудка, кишечника и даже нервной системы.

Вирус Марбург: что известно о болезни, которая может стать причиной новой эпидемии? - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Марбургская лихорадка — болезнь, которая вызвала серьезную обеспокоенность осенью 2024 года. Источник изображения: indiatimes.com

Первая вспышка заболевания была отмечена в 1967 году в немецком городе Марбург, из-за чего и обзавелась таким названием. Заражение произошло в лаборатории, в которой ученые работали с зелеными мартышками (Chlorocebus sabaeus), привезенными из Уганды. Однако эти обезьяны не являются переносчиками вируса — истинными носителями вируса считаются летучие мыши, которые относятся к виду Rousettus aegypti.

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Уже в который раз распространителями смертельно опасной болезни оказались летучие мыши. Источник изображения: my-pet.store

Вирус Марбург в Руанде

Недавно вспышка смертельно опасной болезни была зафиксирована в Руанде, и она уже привела к гибели нескольких человек. По данным ВОЗ, умерли шесть человек, хотя некоторые источники сообщают о восьми жертвах. Среди зараженных оказались и врачи — более 70% из них трудились в двух больницах столицы Руанды, Кигали.

Вирус Марбург: что известно о болезни, которая может стать причиной новой эпидемии? - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Осмотр дома человека, который предположительно был заражен вирусом Марбург в 2005 году. Источник изображения: reuters.com

Всего зарегистрировано 26 случаев заболевания. Медицинские работники всеми силами пытаются найти около 300 человек, которые могли контактировать с инфицированными. Хотя ВОЗ оценивает риск распространения вируса за пределы региона как низкий, у них вызывает тревогу то, что один из возможных носителей болезни уже покинул страну.

Как передается вирус Марбург

Марбургская лихорадка, как правило, передается человеку через контактирование с летучими мышами, которые обитают в пещерах или на рудниках. Как и говорилось чуть выше, эти животные являются естественными распространителями вируса, и длительное пребывание рядом с их колониями может привести к заражению.

Вирус Марбург: что известно о болезни, которая может стать причиной новой эпидемии? - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Смертельно опасная болезнь может передаваться даже через личные вещи зараженного. Источник изображения: aljazeera.com

Вирус распространяется среди людей через контактирование с зараженной кровью, выделениями или другими биологическими жидкостями больного. Особенно высок риск заражения у врачей, которые не соблюдают строгие меры предосторожности при уходе за пациентами. Также болезнь может передаваться через предметы, такие как постельное белье или одежда, если с ними контактировали зараженные люди.

Симптомы лихорадки Марбург

Симптомы марбургской лихорадки возникают внезапно. Инкубационный период заболевания может составлять от двух до двадцати одного дня, но когда болезнь начинается, она протекает стремительно.

Первыми признаками являются резкое повышение температуры, сильная головная боль и чувство крайней слабости. Часто пациенты жалуются на боли в мышцах. Уже на третий день могут появиться тошнота, рвота и острая диарея, которая может длиться до недели. На этой стадии больные выглядят истощенными и апатичными, с глубоко запавшими глазами.

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Симптомы лихорадки Марбург могут привести к смерти человека. Источник изображения: rg.ru

Через пять-семь дней состояние многих пациентов ухудшается: начинаются сильные внутренние и внешние кровотечения. Кровь может появляться в рвоте, стуле, а также из носа и дёсен. Особенно опасны кровотечения в местах проколов вен, которые сложно остановить. Также могут возникать симптомы поражения нервной системы — спутанное состояние сознания, раздражительность и даже агрессия. В тяжелых случаях болезнь приводит к шоку и смерти через восемь-девять дней с момента появления первых симптомов.

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Вакцина от вируса Марбург

На данный момент не существует вакцины или специфического лекарства от вируса Марбург. Единственное, что могут предложить врачи — это поддерживающая терапия, которая включает обеспечение организма жидкостью и лечение симптомов. Это помогает повысить шансы на выживание, но не устраняет сам вирус.

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Специального лекарства от болезни Марбург не существует. Источник изображения: reddit.com

Тем не менее, в некоторых больницах могут применяться экспериментальные методы лечения. Например, врачи могут использовать противовирусные препараты, которые ранее использовались для лечения вируса Эбола. Также существуют вакцины, разработанные для защиты от Эболы, которые, возможно, могут обеспечить иммунитет и против вируса Марбург, но их эффективность против этой болезни пока не доказана.

Есть ли вирус Марбург в России

По мнению специалистов, вероятность возникновения вируса Марбург в России пока остается невысокой. Однако это не означает, что ситуация остается без внимания и контроля.

Роспотребнадзор внимательно следит за вспышкой заболевания в Руанде и принимает необходимые меры предосторожности. На пограничных пунктах пропуска работают специалисты, которые проверяют всех, кто прибывает из стран с неблагополучной эпидемиологической обстановкой.

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Потребуется ли настолько серьезная проверка в аэропортах, как во времена пандемии коронавируса, покажет только время. Источник изображения: reddit.com

Кроме того, Роспотребнадзор разработал специальные тест-системы для выявления вируса Марбург, что позволяет оперативно реагировать на возможные случаи заболевания. Таким образом, несмотря на серьезность ситуации, риски распространения вируса в России остаются под контролем.

Обязательно подпишитесь на наш Дзен-канал, чтобы не пропустить ничего важного. Это бесплатно!

Важно отметить, что помимо этой эпидемии, существуют и другие опасные вирусы, о которых важно знать. Например, вирус птичьего гриппа недавно поразил тысячи коров в США, вызывая новые вопросы о его опасности для людей. Что узнать, как это произошло и что может ждать нас в будущем, читайте наш материал “Вирус птичьего гриппа поразил тысячи коров в США”.

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