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Некоторые ракообразные способны удивить своим необычным образом жизни или уникальными способностями. Чего только стоит рак щелкун, который способен нагревать воду до температуры свыше 4000 градусов и оглушить человека звуком в 200 децибел. К таким необычным ракообразным можно смело отнести и краба Lybia edmondsoni, больше известного как краб-помпон, или краб-боксер. Они представляют собой крошечные существа с мягким панцирем, который в ширину не превышают 13 миллиметров. Однако маленькие размеры и отсутствие прочной “брони” не мешают им быть очень драчливыми. Но, что еще более интересно, чтобы защитить себя от хищников и соперников, они используют “оружие” — ядовитые анемоны.

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Краб-боксер никогда не расстается со своим оружием — морскими анемонами

Как крабы-помпоны защищаются ядовитыми растениями

Чтобы защититься от хищников или прогнать конкурентов, мешающих им питаться, крабы-помпоны, которые по размеру еще меньше, чем их древние предки, берут в каждую клешню крошечных морских анемонов (морских актиний), с которыми никогда не расстаются. Они размахивают актиниями словно боксеры кулаками, отсюда и такое их название.

Вид анемонов, которых они используют, то есть Triactis producta, ядовит, что дает маленьким, но агрессивным крабам определенное преимущество. Кроме того, они используют актиний в качестве оружия для охоты — с их помощью обездвиживают добычу. Поэтому наличие анемонов в обоих клешнях для них является вопросом выживания.

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При помощи анемонов краб обездвиживает добычу

Морские актинии представляют собой существа из класса коралловых полипов (Anthozoa). Они лишены минерального скелета, одиночны и обитают на твердом морском грунте или кораллах. Triactis producta обитают в Индо-Тихоокеанском регионе на мелководье. Взрослые особи вырастают в диаметре до 1 сантиметра.

Надо сказать, что Triactis producta являются самыми ядовитыми актиниями из всех известных. Они используют свои токсичные щупальца, чтобы обездвиживать мелких беспозвоночных, которыми питаются сами. Отравляющее вещество этих существ может причинить вред даже человеку, вызывая сильную боль, волдыри на коже и отек. Причем симптомы иногда длятся несколько недель, так как яд очень стабилен и устойчив к химическим веществам и термическому воздействию. Поэтому людям встречи с ними тоже лучше избегать.

Краб-боксер использует ядовитые морские полипы в качестве оружия - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Так как крабам-боксерам нужны исключительно живые актинии, их клешни так устроены, чтобы брать актинии за тонкий ствол длиной до 1,5 см, и при этом не причинять им вреда. Если краб теряет одну из своих актиний, он может разорвать оставшуюся пополам, в результате чего каждая половина не только продолжает жить, но и вырастает в полноценную новую особь.

Надо сказать, что сами актинии в обиде тоже не остаются. Как известно, подобные взаимоотношения между видами в животном мире обычно происходят на взаимовыгодных условиях. Анемоны не только кормят крабов, но и сами питаются пищей, которую им приходится обездвиживать. Кроме того, их не засыпает песком на морском дне, а еще они промываются потоком воды.

Краб-боксер использует ядовитые морские полипы в качестве оружия - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Triactis producta — самая ядовитая морская актиния

Как крабы-боксеры дерутся друг с другом

Крабы-помпоны дерутся не только с хищниками и конкурентами других видов, но также друг с другом. Однако, как показало одно из исследований, сражения друг с другом у этих крабов больше напоминают шоу, а не попытку причинить вред другой особи своего вида.

Исследователи для своей работы отобрали 12 пар крабов — шесть самцов и шесть самок. Всех их настроили друг против друга, чтобы они готовы были броситься в драку. Затем поместили крабов на крошечную “гладиаторскую арену”, где сразу же начался бой. Проигравшими считались крабы, которые отступили или убежали.

К удивлению ученых, Lybia edmondsoni как обычно размахивали своими клешнями с анемонами, но при этом не касались своих противников. А если касание происходило, то оно выглядело случайным, а не специальным, как в случае, например, с хищниками. Но почему они так себя ведут? Ученые имеют две версии на этот счет.

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Каждый краб-боксер боится потерять свои актинии

Вполне возможно, что анемоны очень токсичны для крабов. Их использование в боях друг против друга может причинить серьезный вред обоим особям. Поэтому их стараются не использовать, а лишь размахивают “оружием” для устрашения.

Вторая версия абсолютно противоположная — крабы могут быть невосприимчивы к токсинам актиний, поэтому применять в драках против себе подобных их не имеет смысла. В то же время актинии очень важны для крабов, поэтому они ими дорожат, соответственно, в драках стараются не повредить. Поэтому и не прикасаются ими к соперникам. Но пока это лишь предположения, которые еще предстоит проверить.

Переходите по ссылке на наш ЯНДЕКС.ДЗЕН КАНАЛ. Мы подготовили для вас множество интересных, захватывающих материалов посвященных науке.

Надо сказать, что в отличие от вышеупомянутых раков щелкунов, крабы-боксеры и их взаимодействие а морскими актиниями по сей день плохо изучены.

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