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На сегодняшний день науке известно о существовании более 1 миллиона видов насекомых. Одних только муравьев на нашей планете настолько много, что их суммарный вес оценивается в 12 миллионов тонн. Ученые считают, что огромное количество насекомых на Земле обусловлено их высокой выживаемостью. Все они имеют маленькие тела, обладают многими способами передвижения, приспособлены к разным формам размножения и так далее. К тому же, они имеют отличную защиту от внешнего воздействия — например, тараканы способны выжить даже после падения метеорита и ядерного взрыва. К сожалению, такой живучестью обладают не все насекомые. Раньше на одном из островов Австралии обитало огромное количество палочников Dryococelus australis, но потом их осталось всего лишь 30 особей. Но даже находясь на грани полного исчезновения, эти создания стараются выжить.

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Палочники Dryococelus australis считались вымершими, но они все еще борются за свое существование

Кто такие палочники

Палочники, которые также известны как привиденьевые и листовидки — это отряд насекомых, в котором насчитывается более 3000 видов. Это одни из самых крупных насекомых в мире, длина тела которых может достигать 35 сантиметров. Внешний вид этих созданий напоминает ветки деревьев, листья растений и лишайники. Благодаря такой внешности, они отлично маскируются в дикой природе.

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Палочник Phobaeticus chani — самое крупное насекомое в мире

Самые редкие насекомые на Земле

Многие виды палочников процветают, однако представителям Dryococelus australis не повезло. Эти 12-сантиметровые насекомые, которые похожи на деревянные веточки, когда-то давно в большом количестве обитали на вулканическом острове Лорд-Хау в Тихом океане. Речь идет о клочке земли, который располагается в 600 километрах от Австралии.

Самое редкие насекомые в мире — в дикой природе их осталось около 30 особей - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Австралийский остров Лорд-Хау

Остров Лорд-Хау был открыт людьми в 1788 году. В те времена упомянутые выше палочники прекрасно жили, питаясь листьями фикуса и чайного дерева. Но все резко изменилось в 1918 году, когда у острова произошло кораблекрушения. С борта судна выбежали десятки, а может сотни крыс, которые тут же начали размножаться на новых землях. Всего за несколько лет грызуны стали причиной полного исчезновения пяти видов птиц, двух видов растений и двенадцати беспозвоночных созданий.

Самое редкие насекомые в мире — в дикой природе их осталось около 30 особей - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Внешний вид палочника Dryococelus australis

Судя по всему, маскировка палочников Dryococelus australis не помогла им скрыться от крысиных глаз. С 1920 года ученые не встретили на острове Лорд-Хау ни одной особи палочника, поэтому в 1986 году этот вид был объявлен полностью вымершим.

Статья в тему: Как тараканы выживают после падений метеоритов и ядерных взрывов?

Удивительные насекомые Австралии

Однако шансы на то, что необычные создания все же были не полностью стерты с лица Земли, оставались. В 1960 году альпинисты поднялись на вершину находящегося в 23 километрах от Лорд-Хау острова Болс-Пирамид. Это самый высокий утес на Земле, образованный в результате вулканизма — наивысшая точка находится в 562 метрах. Так они нашли фекалии и мертвые тела палочников, но живых особей им увидеть не удалось.

Самое редкие насекомые в мире — в дикой природе их осталось около 30 особей - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Пирамида Болла — самая большая вулканическая скала в мире

Ученые смогли найти живых особей спустя несколько десятков лет, в 2001 году. Тогда на остров Болс-Пирамид была направлена экспедиция, которая спустя целых двух дней после пребывания на небольшом клочке земли все же повстречали колонию из 20-30 особей палочников. Все особи были самками, которые продолжали род только за счет партеногенетического размножения — так называется явление, при котором яйцеклетки самок превращаются в совершенно новый организм без предварительного оплодотворения самцом.

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В дикой природе существует только около 30 особей палочников Dryococelus australis, и все они являются самками

Сначала животных решили не трогать, но в 2003 году ученые все же увезли с собой четыре самки, чтобы они смогли продолжить род в более защищенных условиях. На острове Болс-Пирамид жизнь насекомых нельзя назвать легкой, потому что это место часто становится жертвой стихийных бедствий. К тому же, там становится все меньше растений, которыми питаются редкие насекомые. В зоопарках Австралии уже живут тысячи считавшихся вымершими насекомых, но в дикой природе их все равно мало.

Самое редкие насекомые в мире — в дикой природе их осталось около 30 особей - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Возможно, когда нибудь палочники Dryococelus australis вернутся на свою родину

В начале 20 века удивительно живучие создания чуть не вымерли из-за пришествия людей. Но теперь ученые пытаются спасти этот вид от вымирания. В 2019 году на остров Лорд-Хау были выпущены собаки, цель которых — истребить крыс, которые и стали причиной вымирания многих встречающихся только на этом клочке земли животных. Возможно, когда-нибудь остров очистится, и палочники Dryococelus australis будут возвращены на свою родину.

Обязательно подпишитесь на наши каналы в Дзен и Telegram. Так вы не пропустите ничего важного!

Некоторые виды палочников встречаются даже в России, но это редкость. Но у нас есть много других насекомых, которых можно увидеть в каждом огороде. О них вы можете узнать много интересного, прочитав нашу статью «Чем полезны и вредны жуки-пожарники и другие насекомые».

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