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Космос настолько огромен, что мы даже не можем представить себе его размеры. Поскольку Вселенная постоянно расширяется, астрономы не могут определить точное количество галактик — нам все еще не известны все уголки космического пространства. Ученые предполагают, что видимая Вселенная содержит в себе от 100 до 200 миллиардов галактик. И эти числа поражают воображение. Несмотря на немыслимый размер Вселенной, астрономы часто смотрят в один и тот же участок космоса. Легендарный телескоп Хаббла и запущенная в 2021 году обсерватория Джеймса Уэбба большую часть времени нацелены на Магеллановы Облака. Эти мини-галактики находятся прямо вокруг нашего Млечного пути и вызывают у ученых большой интерес. Что же в них такого особенного? Почему мы изучаем именно их, если вокруг так много неисследованного пространства?

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Магеллановы Облака могут рассказать об устройстве Вселенной больше, чем кажется. Источник фотографии: mirax.space

Что такое Магеллановы Облака

Как бы парадоксально это ни звучало, изучая всего одну точку в космосе, ученые могут узнать гораздо больше, чем при изучении всего космического пространства разом. Смотря на Магеллановы Облака при помощи самых мощных телескопов современности, астрономы шаг за шагом понимают, как галактики взаимодействуют друг с другом. Они своими глазами видят, как они закручивают между собой газ и пыль, как они меняют свою форму и обмениваются друг с другом целыми звездами. Вдобавок ко всему этому, ученые могут наблюдать, как образуются звезды.

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Телескоп Хаббл (слева) и Джеймс Уэбб (справа). Источник изображения: znanierussia.ru

Магеллановы Облака это две галактики. Первая называется Большим Магеллановым Облаком, а вторая — Малым Магеллановым Облаком. В сравнении с другими галактиками, они небольшие. Расстояние от Млечного пути до Магеллановых Облаков составляет около 150 000 световых лет. Может показаться, что они очень далеко, но на самом деле они находятся недалеко. Для сравнения, наш ближайший сосед, галактика Андромеды, располагается на расстоянии 2,6 миллионов световых лет от нас.

Астрономы годами смотрят на Магеллановы Облака: что они ищут? - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Большое и Малое Магеллановы Облака. Источник изображения: mirax.space

Вам будет интересно: Вокруг чего вращается галактика Млечный Путь

Изучение Магеллановых Облаков

Малое и Большое Магеллановы Облака переплетены друг с другом. Между ними находится Магелланов мост — поток нейтрального водорода, которые соединяют две небольшие галактики. Также есть Магелланов поток, который соединяет Магеллановы Облака с нашей галактикой Млечный путь. Наличие моста и потока доказывает то, что галактики-гиганты вроде Млечного пути выкачивают материал из более мелких галактик вроде Большого и Малого Магелланова Облаков. Это происходит под воздействием сил гравитации.

Астрономы годами смотрят на Магеллановы Облака: что они ищут? - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Магелланов мост между Магеллановыми облаками. Источник изображения: dzen.ru

Из Облаков газа и пыли рождаются новые звезды. Магеллановы Облака являются особенно активными центрами звездообразования. Смотря на эти процессы, астрономы понимают, как сырье для образования звезд движется в космическом пространстве.

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Благодаря Большому и Малому Магеллановым Облакам мы знаем, как образуются звезды. Источник изображения: grazia.ru

Читайте также: Как и почему галактики исчезают из виду?

Эволюция космических телескопов

За Магеллановыми Облаками наблюдают сразу несколько мощных космических обсерваторий с разных углов обзора. Чтобы понять, для чего это нужно, представьте, что вам нужно с большого расстояния осознать, как скульптор создавал фигуру из камня. Для этого нужно смотреть на процесс создания со стороны из разных ракурсов — без этого никак.

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За Магеллановыми облаками периодически наблюдают практически все телескопы мира. Источник фотографии: wikipedia.org

Ученые будут наблюдать за Магеллановыми Облаками еще много лет, за это время могут смениться десятки поколений астрономов. Каждое десятилетие появляются все более мощные телескопы, как наземные, так и космические. Благодаря их оптическим способностям, ученые могут замечать то, что ранее видно не было. Сегодня мы видим гораздо больше чем, допустим, двадцать лет назад. К тому же, в галактических масштабах все процессы идут очень медленно, и чтобы заметить изменения, нужно много времени.

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Мы даже не подозреваем, что еще нам предстоит открыть в космосе. Источник фотографии: mir24.tv

Исследователи настолько тщательно следят за двумя мини-галактиками, что недавний проект по их изучению получил название «Да, снова Магеллановы Облака». В рамках этого проекта, при помощи современных телескопов, ученым удалось открыть несколько старых звезд, которые раньше были не видны. В будущем астрономы сделают фотографии Магеллановых Облаков при помощи еще более мощного оборудования. И тогда мы узнаем еще больше новых сведений об образовании звезд и других происходящих в космосе процессов.

Хотите быть в курсе новых открытий в области изучения Магеллановых облаков? Подпишитесь на наш Telegram-канал, мы все расскажем!

Но про другие галактики ученые тоже не забывают. Например, они с интересом наблюдают за огромной галактикой Андромеды. Считается, что через миллиарды лет она столкнется с нашей галактикой Млечный путь. Но недавно появилось предположение, что этого может и не произойти.

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