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Более 70% поверхности Земли занято Мировым океаном. Так называется единая и непрерывная водная оболочка нашей планеты, которая состоит из океанов и морей. Всего существует четыре океана: Тихий, Атлантический, Индийский и Северный Ледовитый. На протяжении многих лет идут споры о существовании пятого, Южного океана, но признавать его существование желают далеко не все страны. Морей в мире насчитывается 100 штук, которые делятся на окраинные, внутренние и межостровные. Отличить океан от моря очень просто — океаны гораздо больше и глубже, чем моря. Но какие еще между ними есть отличия? Возможно, вы даже не подозревали о некоторых особенностях морей и океанов.
![Чем отличаются моря и океаны кроме размера и глубины - Hi-News.ru">/**/ article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Четких границ между морями и океанами нет, но между ними есть отличия. Источник фотографии: priroda.club
Как отличить море от океана
По данным научного издания IFL Science, строгих правил для определения океанов и морей не существует. Например, в мире существует Саргассово море, которое не окружено сушей как все остальные, но все равно официально считается морем. Также в качестве примера можно привести Южный океан — в некоторых странах его называют пятым океаном, в то время как в других частях света таковым его признавать не хотят.
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Саргассово море не имеет ни одного берега, потому что окружено океанскими течениями. Источник изображения: proartspb.ru
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Границы океанов на карте мира. Источник изображения: familii.ru
Если говорить кратко, океаны и моря отличаются друг от друга размерами, глубиной, географическим положением, уровнем солености воды и другими характеристиками. Обо всем этом мы сейчас и поговорим.
Что такое океан
Когда речь заходит об океанах, мы представляем себе невообразимо большое водное пространство, которое покрывает огромную часть поверхности Земли. Самым большим по площади и глубине является Тихий океан — его площадь достигает 178 миллионов квадратных километров. Наибольшая глубина Тихого океана оценивается в 10 994 метров. Ученым все еще не удается изучить дно ни одного из четырех океанов, потому что на большой глубине на людей и оборудование оказывается большое давление.
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На дне океанов, куда не попадает солнечный свет, живут настоящие монстры. Источник картинки: poknok.art
Границы каждого океана определяются континентами, которые их окружают. Но Южный океан, который был признан Национальным географическим обществом в 2021 году, сушей не окружен. Его окружает невидимое кольцо Антарктического циркумполярного течения (течение Западных Ветров), которое огибает Антарктиду. Из-за отсутствие вокруг материков, некоторые страны отказываются считать его океаном, поэтому общепринято, что океанов все еще только четыре.
Вот основные особенности океанов, которые отличают их от морей:
- океаны больше морей и занимают 71% поверхности Земли;
- океаны глубже морей и их глубина составляет более 11 000 метров;
- океаны не имеют четких границ;
- океаны состоят из соленой воды с однородным составом;
- океаны являются домом для огромного количества животных из-за своих больших размеров.
Вам будет интересно: Сколько дней нужно акуле, чтобы переплыть целый океан
Что такое море
Моря по площади и глубине намного меньше океанов. Упомянутое выше Саргассово море является самым большим в мире, его площадь оценивается примерно в 8,5 миллионов квадратных километров, что сравнимо с размером Бразилии. Также это единственное море, которое не имеет берегов — его ограничивают океанские течения.
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По расположению моря делятся на несколько категорий. Источник изображения: dzen.ru
Все остальные моря на Земле хотя бы частично окружены сушей, а некоторые вообще находятся внутри материков. Окруженные со всех сторон моря называются межконтинентальными, и к ним относятся Средиземное, Красное и Карибское море.
Вот главные различия морей и океанов:
- моя гораздо меньше океанов, а также частично или полностью окружены сушей (кроме Саргассова моря);
- моря менее глубокие, чем океаны;
- моря имеют разную степень солености, в некоторых местах вода в них вообще пресная;
- в морях меньшее биологическое разнообразие, которое зависит от уровня солености, температуры воды и географического расположения.
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В конце статьи стоит отметить, что океаны гораздо опаснее морей. Если отправиться в путешествие по океану, рассчитывать на быструю помощь не придется — если человек заблудится в океане на лодке или маленьком плоту, шансы на спасения будут близки к нулю. Но некоторым людям все же удается спастись. В 2023 году мы рассказали про беженцев, которые переплыли океан на судовом руле на задней части корабля. Их путешествие длилось две недели, и стоит ли говорить, что они чудом спаслись? Об этой удивительной истории вы можете почитать в нашем материале «Мужчины без еды и воды переплыли океан за две недели — как им это удалось?».
