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В апреле 1990 года в области астрономии произошло важное событие — NASA и Европейское космическое агентство запустили в космос телескоп «Хаббл». В отличие от наземных телескопов, этому научному аппарату не нужно «вглядываться» в космическое пространство через призму земной атмосферы, потому что он находится в открытом космосе. Благодаря этому, он в 10 раз мощнее любого телескопа, расположенного на Земле. Телескоп Хаббла работает уже более 30 лет подряд, и за это время помог совершить много научных открытий. Но в первые годы его использования, ученые не были уверены, на что он способен. Удивительные способности телескопа были доказаны только после того, как один ученых направил его объектив в пустое место на небе и оставил на 100 часов.

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В 1994 году телескоп «Хаббл» удивил ученых показав, что таится в глубинах космоса

На что способен космический телескоп «Хаббл»

Об удивительной истории раскрытия возможностей телескопа «Хаббл» недавно рассказали авторы научного издания IFL Science. Прежде чем начать полноценное использование новейшего в те времена космического телескопа, астрономы хотели узнать, объекты какой максимальной дальности он сможет увидеть. Влиятельный астроном Джон Бахколл считал, что несмотря на свою мощность и нахождение за пределами Земли, аппарат «Хаббл» не поможет ученым открыть новые галактики. По его мнению, аппарат мог бы сделать хорошие снимки уже известных галактик, но не более того.

Что произошло, когда телескоп «Хаббл» смотрел в пустоту 100 часов - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Запуск космического шаттла «Дискавери» с телескопом «Хаббл» на борту

Но астроном Роберт Уильямс, судя по всему, верил в возможности «Хаббла» гораздо сильнее. В мае и июне 1994 года он изучил широкоугольные фотографии и обратил внимание, что сделанные с длинной выдержкой снимки позволяют увидеть даже очень далекие объекты. При длинной выдержке оптика телескопа остается открытой долгое время, что позволяет собрать больше света и получить более детальный снимок. В те времена астроном отвечал за 10% рабочего времена «Хаббла», и решил провести эксперимент, чтобы проверить свои догадки.

Что произошло, когда телескоп «Хаббл» смотрел в пустоту 100 часов - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Телескоп «Хаббл» находится примерно на 547-километровой орбите

Через пульт управления, ученый направил объектив телескопа в участок космоса, где не было видимых через наземные телескопы объектов. Так как на ночном небе очень много звезд, исследователь выбрал область, которая для нас по размерам сравнима с головкой булавки, расположенной на расстоянии вытянутой руки. Этот участок был найден в области Большого Ковша в созвездии Большой Медведицы.

Что произошло, когда телескоп «Хаббл» смотрел в пустоту 100 часов - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Телескоп Хаббла на протяжении 100 часов смотрел в одну из областей созвездия Большой Медведицы

Новое значение постоянной Хаббла: почему Вселенная расширяется с ускорением?

Фотографии галактик в космосе

Ко всеобщему удивлению ученых, выглядевшая совершенно пустой точка на небе оказалась совсем не такой, как казалось при взгляде на наземные телескопы. Когда астроном оставил «Хаббл» смотреть в выбранную область на 100 часов с длинной выдержкой, телескоп подарил науке знаменитую фотографию Hubble Deep Field (HDF). Она была склеена учеными из 342 отдельных снимков, и каждый из 3 000 объектов на ней были совершенно новыми для ученых галактиками.

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Часть фотографии Hubble Deep Field (HDF)

После получения этого снимка, человечеству стало еще более ясно, насколько велика Вселенная. Впоследствии ученым удалось получить более детализированные снимки. Например, в 2004 году, в результате 12-дневного наблюдения, был сделан снимок под названием Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF) — на этой фотографии ученые увидели 10 000 галактик.

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Фотография Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF)

В 2012 году, при помощи телескопа «Хаббл», была сделана фотография Hubble Extreme Deep Field (XDF). Чтобы создать ее, ученые объединили более 2000 снимков, которые были сняты телескопом за 10 лет. Изображение содержит в 5500 галактик, самая далекая из которых располагается на расстоянии 13,2 миллиардов световых лет от нас.

Что произошло, когда телескоп «Хаббл» смотрел в пустоту 100 часов - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Фотография Hubble Extreme Deep Field (XDF)

Читайте также: Как и почему галактики исчезают из виду?

Что станет с телескопом «Хаббл» в будущем

Телескоп Хаббла работает уже более 30 лет — иногда с его функционированием возникают серьезные проблемы, но их удается исправить. Благодаря его снимкам, ученые ежегодно узнают о космосе что-то новое. Например, в 2019 году телескоп поделился фотографией гигантского пугающего лица, которое смотрит на нас из глубин космоса.

Что произошло, когда телескоп «Хаббл» смотрел в пустоту 100 часов - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Миссия «Хаббл» является одной из самых долгих в истории человечества

Скорее всего, телескоп «Хаббла» перестанет работать после 2030 года. После завершения эксплуатации, его затопят в глубоких водах Тихого океана — ожидается, что некоторая часть конструкции весом 100 тонн сгорит в земной атмосфере. В воду же упадет около 5 тонн обломков.

Если хотите пообщаться с единомышленниками, вступите в наш Telegram-чат. Там всегда есть что обсудить!

В 2022 году стало известно, что на срок эксплуатации знаменитого телескопа хочет повлиять компания SpaceX. Есть надежда, что разработанный ею космический корабль Dragon с астронавтами на борту сможет приблизиться к конструкции, и специалисты починят все неисправные части системы. Если это удастся сделать, космический телескоп сможет проработать еще около 20 лет.

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