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За многие годы эволюции животные придумали кучу разных способов защиты. Например, некоторые существа обзавелись прочным панцирем, а кто-то получил способность маскироваться под что угодно. Существуют животные, защитные способности которых вовсе поражают воображение. В качестве примера можно привести жабовидных ящериц, которые в случае опасности стреляют во врагов кровью из своих глаз. Также они вооружены острыми рогами и умеют превращаться в «колючий шар» и застревать в горле любого хищника. Самое время узнать об этих удивительных созданиях максимум интересной информации и посмотреть на впечатляющие фотографии!

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Некоторые ящерицы могут стрелять кровью из глаз — это один из самых эффектных способов самозащиты в природе. Источник изображения: travelask.ru

Где живут ящерицы, стреляющие кровью

Жабовидные ящерицы (Phrynosoma hernandesi) — это уникальные создания, которые обитают в огромной пустыне Сонора, простирающийся через территорию Мексики и юго-запада США. Эти небольшие рептилии предпочитают засушливые холмистые местности, где они ведут активный образ жизни, охотясь на насекомых.

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Пустыня Сонора в США. Источник фотографии: istockphoto.com

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Жабовидные ящерицы прекрасно маскируются в пустынной местности. Источник изображения: wikimedia.org

Рацион питания ящериц состоит преимущественно из муравьев, пауков и других мелких существ. Удивительно, но за одну охоту ящерица может съесть несколько сотен крошечных созданий! Обо всем этом рассказали авторы Live Science.

Кровь из глаз животных — это защитный механизм

У жабовидных ящериц тело плоское, а мордочка короткая, из-за чего их и считают похожими на жаб. По причине такого сходства, некоторые ученые называют их просто «рогатыми жабами». Однако это далеко не самая главная особенность этих рептилий — больше всего впечатляет их удивительная способность защищаться от врагов: они могут стрелять кровью из глаз!

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Жабовидные ящерицы небольшие и имеют сплюснутое тело. Источник фотографии: wikimedia.org

Когда жабовидная ящерица чувствует опасность, она словно «взрывает» крошечные кровеносные сосуды вокруг глаз, выпуская струю крови на расстояние до полутора метров. Это происходит из-за резкого повышения давления крови в голове, что заставляет сосуды лопаться. Кровавый поток не только пугает хищников, но и сбивает их с толку, давая ящерице время для спасения.

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Струя крови буквально шокирует хищников, и у ящериц появляется время, чтобы убежать. Источник фотографии: Live Science

Во время защиты, ящерицы могут потерять до трети своей крови, чтобы отпугнуть врагов. Сильнее всего кровь ящериц действует на собак, койотов и лис — в крови содержатся токсичные вещества, которые вызывают жжение. Примечательно, что эти токсины не вырабатываются в организме ящериц, а поступают в кровь при поедании ядовитых муравьев.

Эта ящерица стреляет во врагов кровью из глаз: подборка фотографий - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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После самозащиты на лице у ящериц остается кровавое пятно. Источник фотографии: travelask.ru

А вот против птиц такая «кровяная атака» неэффективна. Считается, что они попросту невосприимчивы к ядовитым веществам. К тому же, они запросто могут увернуться от выстрела кровью.

Читайте также: Колючий дьявол — эта ящерица с шипами втягивает воду из песка через кожу

Как защищаются ящерицы

Стоит отметить, что у этих рептилий есть и другие интересные методы защиты.

Их пятнистая кожа и плоское тело обеспечивают идеальную маскировку, позволяя сливаться с окружающей средой. Острые шипы на теле, особенно два больших рога на голове, делают их менее привлекательными для хищников. Если хищник попытается укусить ящерицу, она наклоняет голову и выставляет рога прямо в пасть нападающего.

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Этих шипастых монстров мало кто рискует съесть. Источник фотографии: wikimedia.org

Еще одна эффективная тактика защиты — способность раздуваться почти в два раза больше своего обычного размера. Это не только придает ящерице визуально устрашающий вид, но и может буквально заставить хищника, пытающегося проглотить ее, подавиться.

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При необходимости, эти «рогатые жабы» могут стать в два раза больше. Источник изображения: pinterest.com

Жабовидные ящерицы могут показаться существами из фильмов ужасов. Однако эти удивительные создания являются реальными обитателями далеких пустынь. Их уникальные методы защиты делают их одними из самых необычных рептилий на планете.

Хотите узнать и о других удивительных созданиях, которые живут на Земле? Подпишитесь на наш Дзен-канал и следите за обновлениями!

Но они — не единственные удивительные представители своего отряда. Если вас интересуют необычные существа, обязательно прочитайте нашу статью о червеобразных ящерицах — это одни из самых странных созданий, которых вы когда-либо видели!

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