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По состоянию на 2020 год науке известно о существовании более 35 тысяч видов рыб. Среди них есть как гиганты вроде китовой акулы длиной до 20 метров, так и мелкие создания, которых можно даже не заметить. Когда речь заходит о рыбах, почти все люди представляют себе животных, которые не издают и малейшего звука. В народе даже существует поговорка «молчать как рыба», и она возникла неспроста. Но знаете ли вы, что в мире существуют крошечные рыбы, которые могут издавать шум, сравнимый с гулом реактивного самолета? Они распространены на Юго-Восточной Азии, и ученые могут рассказать о них много чего интересного. Например, они уже знают, как маленьким созданиям удается издавать настолько громкие звуки и могут ли они оглушить человека.

Эта крошечная рыба может громко шуметь как реактивный самолет - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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В водах Азии живут рыбы, которые умеют издавать громкие звуки

Содержание

  • 1 Рыба умеющая издавать звуки
  • 2 От какой громкости можно оглохнуть
  • 3 Какие звуки издают рыбы
  • 4 Как разговаривают рыбы
  • 5 Самые громкие рыбы в мире

Рыба умеющая издавать звуки

Одна из самых громких рыб в мире называется Danionella cerebrum. Она плавает на мутных мелководьях Мьянмы и вырастает максимум до 1,2-сантиметровой длины. Объем головного мозга этих созданий составляет 0,6 кубического миллиметра — это самый маленький мозг среди всех известных видов позвоночных животных.

Несмотря на свои крошечные размеры, эта рыба способна издавать звуки громкостью до 140 децибел. Это очень громко — такой шум возникает при работе отбойного молотка или во время рок-концерта. В некоторых источниках звуки этой рыбы сравнивают с выстрелом из пистолета.

Эта крошечная рыба может громко шуметь как реактивный самолет - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Внешний вид рыбы Danionella cerebrum

Для сравнения, самым громким официально зарегистрированным шумом на Земле считается взрыв вулкана Кракатау во время извержения в 1883 году. Считается, что он был настолько оглушительным, что грохот на уровне 172 децибел был слышен на расстоянии 160 километров.

Читайте также: Самые большие извержения вулканов в истории человечества

От какой громкости можно оглохнуть

Человек может начать испытывать временную потерю слуха при воздействии звуков громкостью от 85 децибел и выше, если подвергаться им в течение продолжительного времени. При уровне звука 120 децибел и выше, например, как на рок-концерте или рядом с работающим двигателем реактивного самолета, может произойти необратимое повреждение слуха. Звуки громкостью более 140 децибел могут вызвать болезненную оглушенность даже после короткого воздействия.

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Слух человека очень хрупкий, и его можно лишиться в самый неожиданный момент

Важное научное достижение: Мальчику вернули слух при помощи генной инженерии — медицина шла к этому 20 лет

Какие звуки издают рыбы

Крошечная рыба Danionella cerebrum издает звук, который по громкости сравним с работой реактивного самолета. Было бы логично, что после поимки этой рыбы люди сразу же становились глухими. Но таких случаев никогда не регистрировалось, и этому есть объяснение.

Дело в том, что шум на уровне 140 децибел слышен только в воде, когда рыба находится на расстоянии 10 миллиметров. Чем дальше она находится, тем меньше слышен звук. Например, на расстоянии 1 метра уровень шума достигает 108 децибел — это тоже очень много, животное шумит как трактор.

Эта крошечная рыба может громко шуметь как реактивный самолет - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Звуки рыбы Danionella cerebrum

Большая часть издаваемого звука отражается обратно в воду. Когда человек стоит рядом с аквариумом с плавающими Danionella cerebrum, он слышит лишь непрерывное жужжание. Считается, что рыбы используют свое умение для общения между собой. Дело в том, что они обитают в мутных водах и часто не видят своих сородичей.

Как разговаривают рыбы

Рыбка издает громкий звук, используя свой плавательный пузырь. Сначала она сжимает мышцы, которые тянут ребро и создают напряжение в маленьком хряще. Когда хрящ отпускается, он быстро ударяет по плавательному пузырю, и от этого получается громкий звук.

Эта крошечная рыба может громко шуметь как реактивный самолет - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Строение крошечной рыбы Danionella cerebrum

Ученые заметили, что жужжание издают только самцы и исключительно во время нахождения в группе. Некоторые из них шумят громче остальных — возможно, в этих группах есть особи, которые обладают большим авторитетом. Зачастую, если один самец шумит, остальные в это время вообще молчат.

Это должны знать все: Самая большая рыба в мире — она может вырастать до 20 метров

Самые громкие рыбы в мире

Важно отметить, что представители вида Danionella cerebrum являются далеко не самыми громкими среди рыб. Они являются таковыми только среди маленьких созданий.

В мире существуют и другие рыбы, издающие звуки. Например, бородатый темный горбыль (Pogonias cromis) использует свои большие плоские зубы, чтобы издавать звук барабана. А северная рыба-мичман (Porichthys notatus) использует плавательный пузырь, чтобы издавать звуки, похожие на ворчание или хрюканье.

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Эта крошечная рыба может громко шуметь как реактивный самолет - Hi-News.ru">/**/    article{display:block}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}html,body{font:400 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}html,body,div,span,iframe,h1,p,a,img,ins,strong,b,form,article,time{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font-size:100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif;vertical-align:baseline;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body{font-size:14px;line-height:1;min-width:1124px}ol,ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}b,strong{font-weight:700}img{overflow:hidden;height:auto;max-width:100%;font:400 10px -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}p{color:#000;margin-bottom:15px;font:400 20px/1.5 -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,sans-serif}h1{color:#000;margin:0 0 28px 0;font:700 54px/1 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Северная рыба-мичман

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На Земле обитает огромное количество удивительных рыб. Одними из них являются огромные сомы — считается, что они способны превращаться в настоящих монстров, которые никого не щадят. Подробности об этом вы можете почитать в статье «Сомы-людоеды нападают на рыбаков и детей: правда или миф?».

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